BULL. 30] 



PUKWAAWUN PUNGOTEQUE 



327 



meriting them with many interesting de- 

 signs. No trace of a clan system has been 

 found among them, and their social or- 

 ganization seems to have been very loose. 

 They were divided into many small vil- 

 lage communities whose chiefs or head- 

 men had little actual power. The dead 

 were buried as a rule, although crema- 

 tion was sometimes practised. The most 

 notable feature of their rehgious beUefs 

 and ceremonies was the autumnal "burn- 

 ing," or sacrifice of property to the dead, 

 in which large offerings of all sorts of 

 property were made by friends and rela- 

 tives. They had also many dances, in 

 which elaborate and costly feather head- 

 dresses were worn. The object of many of 

 these dances was the increase of food ani- 

 mals. Themythologyof theMaiduisrich, 

 the most distinctive feature being a long 

 and detailed creation myth. The present 

 survivors of the Maidu probably number 

 fewer than 500. Sixty years ago their 

 number was doubtless considerable; a 

 conservative estimate of the total popula- 

 tion just previous to the gold rush would 

 be 5,000 to 6,000. For the villages see 

 Maidu, Nishinam. Consult Dixon, The 

 Northern Maidu, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., xvir, pt. 3, 1905. (r. b. d.) 



Pukwaawun. One of the principal vil- 

 lages of the Betonukeengainubejig Chip- 

 pewa of w. Wisconsin, in 1850. 

 Pukwaawun.— Ramsev in Ind. Aff. Rep., 85, 1850. 

 Puk-wa-wanuh.— Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll.. v, 191,1885. 



Pnlacuam. An unidentified tribe named 

 in Massanet's list of tribes between cen- 

 tral Coahuila and the Hasinai country of 

 Texas in 1690. The tribes are given in 

 geographical order in general, and the 

 indication is that this one resided near 

 the border between the Coahuiltecan and 

 the Tonkawan groups, falling rather in 

 the latter district (Velasco, Dictamen 

 Fiscal, 1716, in Mem. de Nueva Espaiia, 

 XXVII, 183, MS.). The only known tribe 

 suggested by the name is the Sulujame, 

 which was at San Antonio de Valero mis- 

 sion, Texas (Valero Bautismos, MS., pas- 

 sim.), (h. e. b. ) 



FulakatQ {Pu^-lak-a-tu). A former 

 Nishinam village in the valley of Bear r., 

 which is the next stream n. of Sacra- 

 mento, Cal. 



Piilacatoo.— Powers in Overland Mo., xii, 22, 1874. 

 Pu-lak-a-tu.— Powers in Cent. N. A. Ethnol., ill, 

 316, 1877. 



Pumham ( contraction of Pumoham, 'he 

 goes by water.' — Gerard). A sachem of 

 the region about Warwick, R. I. (Drake, 

 Inds. of N. Am., 257, 1880), described by 

 Hubbard as "one of the stoutest and 

 most valiant sachems that belonged to 

 the Narragansetts." It was in his coun- 

 try that the Rev. Samuel Gorton took 

 refuge in 1642, to the displeasure of the 

 authorities of Massachusetts. Pumham 

 joined in King Philip's war, and his 



town was burned by the English in 1675. 

 He escaped in the defeat of the following 

 year, but was soon afterward captured 

 and slain. (a. f. c.) 



Pummy ('fish oil or grease'). A New 

 England term. Used by Holman F. 

 Day in Ainslee's Magazine (xiv, 81, 

 1904): "If that ain't porgy j^ummy I'm 

 smellin'." From one of the Algonquian 

 languages of the New England region, 

 the derivation is seen from Massachuset 

 pummee, Ahnaki pemi, LienaTpe pomih, oil, 

 fat, grease. (a. f. c. ) 



Puna. The Cactus Fruit clan of the 

 Chua (Snake) phratry of the Hopi. 

 Pona.— Voth, Trad, of Hopi, 34, 1905. Pii-nan'- 

 nyu-mu.— Fewkes in Am. Anthr., VI, 364, 1893 

 (nyu-mti = people, usually applied by this author 

 to designate a phratry) . Pu-na'wufi-wii.— Fewkes 

 in Am. Anthr., vii, 402, 1894 (wun-wii =clan). 

 Pii'n-e.— Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 38, 1891. 



Punames (Keresan: Pu-na-ma, 'people 

 in the west,' referring to the western 

 division of the Rio Grande branch of the 

 Keresan stock). INIentioned by Espejo 

 in 1583 as a province comprising 5 towns, 

 of which Sia (q. v.) was the largest. In 

 Hakluyt's version of Espejo's narrative 

 the name is misprinted "Cunames," 

 which in turn is corrupted into 

 "Cuames" in Ogilby's America, 1671. 

 Strangely enough these corrupted forms 

 closely resemble the Keresan term Cuame, 

 signifying 'people in the south,' but they 

 bear no relation to that word. Santa 

 Ana formed one of the other pueblos of 

 the group. See Espejo in Doc. Ined., xv, 

 115, 178, 1871; Bandolier in Arch. Inst. 

 Papers, iv, 193, 1892. (f. w. h.) 



Cuames. — Ogilby, America, 291, 1671 (misprint). 

 Cumanes. — Whipple, Pac. R. R. Rep., iii, pt. 3, 

 114, 18.56 (misquoting Hakluyt). Cunames. — !\Ien- 

 doca, Hist, of China (1586), in Hakluyt, Vov., iii, 

 461, 469, 1600 (after Espejo, 1583). Cunanes.— 

 Dobbs, Hudson Bay, 163, 1744. Cuuames.— Pur- 

 chas, Pilgrimes, v, 855, 1626. Pumames. — Espejo 

 (1.583) in Doc. InM., xv, 115, 1871. Punames.— 

 Ibid., 178. Punanes. — Dobbs, op. cit. Purames. — 

 Hinton, Handbook to Ariz., 387, 1878. 



Punaryou ( Pun-aV'-you, ' dog standing 

 by the fireside ' ). A subclan of the Del- 

 awares. — Morgan, Anc. Soc, 172, 1877. 



Pung. An old New England term for a 

 rude sortof box sleigh, a cutter or juniper. 

 Bartlett(Dict.of Americanisms, 504, 1877) 

 cites one description of a pung: ' ' Sledges, 

 or pungs, coarsely framed of split sap- 

 lings, and surmounted with a large 

 crockery crate." Prof. W. F. Ganong 

 (inf'n, 1903) states that pung is very much 

 used now in New Brunswick, applied to 

 box sleighs, especially of a rather good 

 kind. The word is a reduction of Tom 

 Pung, itself a corruption of toboggan 

 (q. v.). (a. p. c.) 



Pungoteqne (from pungotekw, 'sand-fly 

 river.' — Gerard). A village of the Pow- 

 hatan confederacy in Accomac co., Va., 

 probably near Metomkih inlet. It was 

 nearly extinct in 1722. 



