BULL. 30] pgRISIMA CONCEPOTON DE ACUNA PUSHMATAHA 



S29 



season the party returned to Santa Bar- 

 bara and work was not begun until the 

 spring. The site chosen, which was called 

 by the natives Algsacupi, was near the 

 present town of Lompoc, Santa Barbara 

 CO. There were numerous villages in 

 this vicinity; the natives were intelligent 

 and industrious, and within the following 

 twenty years nearly all the population 

 in the district had been baptized. In 

 1790 there were 234 neophytes; in 1800, 

 959, and in 1804, 1,522, the highe.st num- 

 ber reached. In live stock this was one 

 of the most prosperous missions in Cali- 

 fornia, having 10,015 large stock and 

 10,042 small stock in 1810. The average 

 crop for the preceding decade was 3,300 

 bushels. Though the population de- 

 creased after 1804, numbering 1,297 in 

 1810, and 1,127 in 1820, the material pros- 

 perity increased till after the latter date, 

 and the cattle continued to increase until 

 after 1830, when 13,430 large stock were 

 reporteil. The first church erected was a 

 very crude structure, and in 1802 a better 

 one, of adobe roofed with tile, was com- 

 pleted. This, together with most of the 

 other buildings, was almost entirely 

 destroyed by an earthquake in 1812. 

 After this a new site, called Amun by 

 the natives, 5 or 6 m. away on the other 

 side of the river, was selected, and here 

 a new church was built, being finished in 

 1818. In 1824 the neophytes, in conjunc- 

 tion with those at Santa Ines, revolted 

 and took possession of the mission, but 

 the fathers were not molested, and the 

 soldiers and their families were allowed 

 to retire; four white men and several 

 Indians however were killed. An expe- 

 dition was sent down from Monterey, and 

 the Indians, who in the meantime had 

 fortified themselves within the mission 

 buildings, were attacked and forced to 

 surrender, after a battle in which six of 

 them were killed and a large number 

 wounded. Several Indians were con- 

 demned to death for the killing of the 

 white men, and others imprisoned or 

 banished. The buildings were much 

 damaged during the trouble, and in 1825 

 a new church was dedicated. Five years 

 later there were 413 neophytes, and 407 

 in 1834. Up to that time the total num- 

 ber of baptisms was 3,232, of whom 1,492 

 were children. In 1844 the mission was 

 reported as without property or agricul- 

 tural land, but with a vineyard and about 

 200 neophytes. Most of these died of 

 smallpox shortly afterward. In 1845 the 

 mission was sold for $1,110. The build- 

 ings were deserted and allowed to decay, 

 although a considerable portion of the 

 walls is still standing. In 1905 the Land- 

 marks Club acquired possession of the 

 buildings and the immediate grounds, 

 with the intention of preserving the 



church from further decay. The Indians 

 of this neighborhood belonged to the 

 Chumashan linguistic family (q. v.). 

 See also California Indians; Mission In- 

 dians of California; Missions, (a. b. l.) 



Purisima Concepcidn de AcuSa. A Fran- 

 ciscan mission established in 1731 on San 

 Antonio r., about 1 m. below the present 

 San Antonio, Texas, under the protec- 

 tion of the presidio of San Antonio de 

 Bejar. Prior to this time it was situated 

 near Angelina r., in e. Texas, and was 

 known as La Purisima Concepcion de 

 los Aiiiai (q. v.). Pop. 207 in 1762, the 

 number of baptisms having been 792; 

 it had also 600 cattle, 300 horses, and 

 2,200 sheep. In 1785 the population was 

 only 71, and in 1793, 51. It ceased to 

 exist as an independent mission before 

 the close of the century. In 1785 it was 

 said to have the best church in the prov- 

 ince, being valued, with other property, 

 at $35,000. See Bancroft, No. Mex. 

 States, I, 1886; Garrison, Texas, 1903. 



Farisima Concepcidn de los Ainai. A 

 mission established in July 1716 among 

 the Hasinai, near Angelina r., 9 leagues 

 from San Francisco de los Neches, Texas. 

 It was abandone<l during the French- 

 Spanish hostilities of 1719, when the mis- 

 sion jDroperty was destroyed by the In- 

 dians. In Aug. 1721 it was reestablished 

 with 400 Indians, and new buildings were 

 erected. It was transferred to San An- 

 tonio r. in 1731, becoming known as La 

 Purisima Concepcion de Acufia (q. v. ). 

 The designation of this mission as "Pu- 

 risima Coiicepeion de los Asinais" came 

 from a miscopy of the word "Ainai" in 

 Mem. de Nueva Espana, xxvii, fol. 163. 

 See Bolton in Texas Hist. Quar., xi, no. 

 4, 259, note 5, 1908; Garrison, Texas, 50, 

 1903; and Bancroft cited below, (h. e. b.) 

 La Concepcion.— Bancroft, No. Mex. States, I, 614, 

 626, 1JSS6. Purisima Concepcion. — Ibid., 614. Puri- 

 sima Concepcion de los Asinais. — Mem. de Nueva 

 Espana, xxvii, fol. 103. MS. compiled ca. 1791. 



Purutea. A former village, presumably 

 Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis- 

 sion, San Francisco, Cal. — Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Pushee Paho. See Pashipaho. 



Pushmataha (^;7Hs/( im-alktaha, ' the sap- 

 ling is ready, or finished, for him.' — 

 Halbert). A noted Choctaw, of unknown 

 ancestry, born on the e. bank of Noxuba 

 cr. in Noxubee co.. Miss., in 1764; died at 

 Washington, D. C. , Dec. 24, 1824. Before 

 he was 20 years of age he distinguished 

 himself inanexpeditionagainst theOsage, 

 w. of the Mississippi. The boy disap- 

 peared early in a conflict that lasted all 

 day, and on rejoining the Choctaw war- 

 riors was jeered at and accused of coward- 

 ice, whereon Pushmataha replied, "Let 

 those laugh who can show more scalps 

 than I can," forthwith producing five 

 scalps, which he threw upon the ground — 



