352 



RACE NAMES 



[B. A. B. 



The term in Chinook jargon for French- 

 man is Pasaiuks, which Hale (Chinook 

 Jarg., 49, 1890) derives from 'Fran^ais' 

 with the Chinook plural suffix uks. It 

 has been used to signify also 'foreigners,' 

 and has passed into several Indian lan- 

 guages of the Pacific Coast region, e. g., 

 the Klamath Pashayiiks. The Kutenai 

 call a Frenchman nothikene, 'foreigner,' 

 'stranger.' According to Grossman 

 (Smithson. Rep. 1871, 412, 1873) the Pima 

 called a Frenchman parlesick (plural, 

 paparlesick), from purle (Spanish, padre), 

 'priest.' The Athapascan Takulli call 

 a Frenchman neto or nado. 



German. — Some of the Indian tongues 

 have special words for 'German.' The 

 Chippewa term is Anhna, a modification 

 of the French Alleraand, introduced by 

 traders or missionaries. Baraga (Otchip- 

 we Diet, pt. 2, 36, 1880), says: "The 

 Indians also call a German 'Detchman,' 

 a corruption of ' Dutchman,' as the Ger- 

 mans are improperly called in some parts 

 of this country. ' ' From the French comes 

 also the Micmac Alma. The Sauk and 

 Fox have Tuchi<^, from ' Dutch. ' In Kla- 

 math tlie term for ' German ' is Detchmal, 

 while in the Modoc dialect of the Lutua- 

 niian stock the name applied to the Ger- 

 man settler is muni tchuJeks gitko, ' tliickset 

 fellow' (Gatschet, Klamath Inds., ii, 

 1890 ) . Mooney ( Myths of Cherokee, 141 , 

 1902) mentions a noted Cherokee chief 

 about 1830 who was named Tahchee, or 

 'Dutch.' He gives the plural Cherokee 

 name as Anitutsi (Cherokee MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1887). A Blackfoot word for 

 'German' is kisfappekwan. The Creek 

 name for a German, according to Adair 

 (Am. Inds., 66, 1775) , was yah yah algeh, 

 ' those whose talk was ja ja. ' The Chicka- 

 saw name was kish kish tarakshe (ibid., 7). 



Spanish. — The contact of the Indian 

 tribes of the Southern states with Spanish 

 explorers, settlers, and colonizers gave rise 

 to several names for them. The Algon- 

 quian dialects of the Great Lakes and the 

 E. have taken their words for Spaniard 

 from the English or French: Nipissing 

 Espaniio, from the French Espagnol, as 

 also the Chippewa Eshpayo and the Sik- 

 sika Spiokwan, or Spiokuivin, 'Mexican,' 

 'Spaniard.' The Sauk and Foxes have 

 A'pat/o'(( for Spaniard, and MiMko^^ for 

 Mexican. The Cherokee term for Span- 

 iard is Askivani, derived from the Spanish 

 Espanol, to which was added the tribal 

 prefix ani, making Aniskwani, 'Spaniards.' 

 The Arkokisa called the Spaniards Yegsa. 

 The Klamath haxeSpaniolkni, from Espa- 

 fiol, with the Indian suffix. The Mohawk 

 of Lake of Two ftlountains, Quebec, use 

 Esktvanior, from the French Espagnol. 

 For Mexicans of various districts the 

 Indians along the border have developed 

 special terms: Kiowa d-ta-ka-i, literally 



'timber Mexicans,' applied to inhabi- 

 tants of Tamaulipas; do kaili-taka-i, ' bark 

 Mexicans,' inhabitants of Santa Rosa 

 mts. ; kop-taka-i, 'mountain whites,' 

 used for New Mexicans and sometimes 

 generally for Mexicans; tson-tdka-i, ' light- 

 haired Mexicans'; tso-taka-i, 'rock white 

 men,' Mexicans about Silver City, N. 

 Mex. ; pa-edal-ta ka-i, 'great-river whites,' 

 Mexicans of the Rio Grande, etc. ( Mooney 

 in 17th Rep. B. A. E., 435, 1898). The 

 Navaho term for Mexicans is naakai, 

 'white foreigners' and for Spaniards, 

 naakai-diyini, 'holy white foreigners.' 

 The Olamentke of California called the 

 Spaniards by the name, Olingo, that they 

 applied to the Aleut brought thither by 

 the Russians, which seems to be the 

 same word, Ullenego, as that which they 

 applied to themselves as Indians. The 

 Russians they call by another term, lev- 

 uyume. The Mohave Indians call a Mex- 

 ican or a Spaniard Itaiko tahana, ' long 

 white man,' while the Zuni, who received 

 their first knowledge of the white man 

 in the person of the early Spanish ex- 

 plorers from Mexico, call the Mexicans 

 tsipolo-kwe, 'mustached people.' The old 

 Tonkawa term for a Mexican is toptcho, 

 the newer one kanushd-akon. 



Negro. — Among certain Indian tribes 

 the name of the negro signifies simply 

 ' black flesh. ' This is the meaning of the 

 Chippewa makaddwiyas, the Cree kaskite 

 wiyas, etc. The Delaware nescalenk signi- 

 fies 'black face.' Some others designate 

 him as 'black man,' which is the sense 

 of the Nipissing makatewinini, the Yuchi 

 kuispi, etc. ' Black Indian ' is the meaning 

 of the Kutenai kamkokokotl aktsemakinek', 

 the latter term signifying ' Indian ' as dis- 

 tinguished from 'man,'<f<A«i, and kitonaqa, 

 ' Kutenai. ' The Delaware nesgemt lenape 

 has a similar signification. Sometimes 

 the word for 'black ' alone is used, as the 

 Kutenai kamkokokotl, etc. With several 

 tribes 'black white man,' or, in some 

 cases, ' black foreigners, ' is the real mean- 

 ing of the term for negro, as the Mohave 

 iraiko kwanil and the Comanche duqtaivo, 

 from duq, black, and taivo, 'white man' or 

 'foreigner'; also the Siksika siksapikivan, 

 napikwan signiiying 'white man' ; and the 

 Kiowa koflkydofl-k'ia, 'man with black on, 

 or incorporated into, him.' The Narra- 

 gansetof Roger Williams's time "called a 

 blackamoor suckaidtacone, a coal-black 

 man, for sucki is black and tvautacone one 

 that wears clothes"; according to Trum- 

 bull (Natick Diet., 226) sjtcH means 'dark- 

 colored,' not 'black,' and Waidacone was 

 one of the names by which an English- 

 man was designated; hence, 'black Eng- 

 lishman' might be a fair rendering of 

 the word. Analogous is the Menominee 

 word for negro, apcsen tvameqtikosiu, 

 'black Frenchman.' According to Gat- 



