354 



EAMCOOK ^RAPPAHANNOCK 



Ib. a. e. 



Bamcock. The village of the Rancocas, 

 on Rancocas or., N. J., in the 17th cen- 

 tury. 



Ramcock.— Evelin (ca. 1648) quoted by Proud, 

 Penu., I, 113, 1797. Bancokeskill.— Newcastle 

 conf. (1675) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., xii, 523, 1877 

 (Rancokus creek; kiU=CTeck). Rankokus. — Doc. 

 of 1674, ibid., Ill, 223, 1853 (applied to the hill). 



Ramushonok. A Chowanoc (?) village 

 in 1585, apparently between the Meherrin 

 and Nottoway rs., in Hertford co., N. C. 



Ramushonoq.— Smith (1629), Va., II, map, repr. 

 1S19. Ramushouug. — DeBrv, map, in Hawks, N. 

 C, I, 1859. 



Bancheria Grande. The name applied 

 to a large aggregation of Indians who 

 lived during the greater part of the first 

 half of the 18th century near the middle 

 Brazos r., Texas. It was closely associ- 

 ated with the Tonkawan tribes of the 

 region, but in origin it was a curious 

 composite. To the Ervipiame, perhaps 

 natives of the region, there were added 

 (1) the remains of numerous broken- 

 down tribes from near and even beyond 

 the Rio Grande, who had moved eastward 

 and settled with the Ervipiame for de- 

 fence and protection against the Apache, 

 and to escape punishment at the hands 

 of the Spaniards for damages done on the 

 frontier, and ( 2) many apostates from the 

 missions of the Rio Grande and the San 

 Antonio missions. Because of the promi- 

 nence of the Ervipiame in the group, it 

 was sometimes called ' ' Rancheria Grande 

 de los Ervipiames." The presence of 

 the apostates in the settlement made it 

 especially obnoxious to the missionaries 

 ( Arch. Col. Santa Cruz de Queretaro, K, 

 leg. 19, doc. 19, 1729, MS.). Rancheria 

 Grande is mentioned in the Spanish 

 records as early as 1707, when Diego 

 Ramon, captain at San Juan Bautista, set 

 out to punish it for disturbances at the 

 missions (Diego Ramon, Diario, 1707, 

 MS. ). It was then said to be on the San 

 Marcos, perhaps the Colorado. Again, in 

 1714, he recovered from it apostates from 

 the missions (Arch. Col. Santa Cruz de 

 Queretaro, op. cit.). 



In 1716, when Capt. Ramon and Fr. 

 Espinosa passed through it, it was 2 or 3 

 leagues w. of the Brazos, above the junc- 

 tion of its two arms, and above the mouth 

 of the San Xavier, now the San Gabriel 

 and the Little r. This would apparently 

 put the rancheria above Cameron, in 

 Milam co. According to Ramon there 

 were more than 2,000 Indians, mostly 

 gentile but some apostate, of various 

 tribes, the most important being the Er- 

 vipiame. Espinosa noted also Ticman- 

 ares, Mesquites, Pamayes, Payayes, Mes- 

 cales, Cantonaes, Xarames, and Sijames 

 (Ramon, Derrotero, 149-152, 1716, MS.; 

 Espinosa, Diario, entries from May 30 to 

 June 14, MS.). 



In 1722 the mission of San Xavier de 

 Ndxera was founded at San Antonio for 



the Ervipiame of Rancheria Grande, and 

 their settlement became known as the 

 Ervipiame suburb. Among those bap- 

 tized there, the Ervipiames, Muruames, 

 and Ticmamares were the most numer- 

 ous. A Guerjuatida " from Rancheria 

 Grande" was in the list. Other tribal 

 names, some of which may represent inter- 

 marriages at the missions, were Tucara 

 (Tawakoni?),Pamaya,Pazaguan, Gabilan, 

 and Cantunal. Rancheria Grande con- 

 tinued to be mentioned as near San 

 Xavier r. , and it was four chiefs of the 

 Yojuanes, Maieyes (unquestionably Ton- 

 kawan tribes) , Deadozes, and Rancheria 

 Grande who asked for the missions later 

 founded {c(t. 1749) on San Xavier r. 

 (Dispatch of the Viceroy, Mar. 26, 1751, 

 Lamar Papers, MS.). The Tonkawa 

 tribe also offered to enter these missions, 

 and were assigned to that of San Fran- 

 cisco Xavier, with the Yojuanes, May- 

 eyes, and Ervipiames, or RancheriaGrande 

 Indians, apart from the Karankawan and 

 the Bidai-Arkokisa groups which entered 

 the other two missions near by. These 

 facts, together with the additional one 

 that the Apache were enemies of the San 

 Xavier group, are only a few of numerous 

 indications that Rancheria Grande was 

 largely Tonkawan in its affiliation. The 

 Indians had dogs and horses, engaged in 

 only a little agriculture, were expert 

 hunters and fighters, traded in skins, and 

 made rafts of skins and of poles and 

 reeds. (h. e. b. ) 



Banchos (Span. : Los Banchos, ' the 

 ranches'). A former pueblo of the Taos 

 Indians, about 3 m. from Taos pueblo, N. 

 N. Mex., which in 1854 had become a 

 Mexicanized town. — Lane in Schoolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, v, 689, 1855. It is now 

 known as Ranches de Taos. 



Eancocas. A division of the Delawares 

 formerly living on the e. bank of Dela- 

 ware r., in the present Burlington co., 

 N.J. Their village was Ramcock. They 

 were estimated at 100 warriors about 1648. 

 Chichequaas.— Proud, Penn., ii, 294, 1798. Lami- 

 kas.— Ibid. Ramkokes.— Deed of 1649 in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., XII, 49,1877. Ramocks.— Sanford, 

 U. S., cxlvi, 1819. Rancokas. — Boudmot, Star in 

 the West, 128,1816. Rankokas.— Proud, Penn., ii, 

 294, 1798. Remkokes.— De Laet (1633) in N. Y. 

 Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d s., i, 31.5, 1841. 



Rappahannock (Renape: Bdpchanek, 

 'the alternating stream.' In Northern 

 Lenape the addition of k to -heme gave the 

 stream name a specific meaning, and this 

 terminal letter had the same force as the 

 definite article 'the'. The termination 

 -ock in the Southern Renape word may 

 be the animate plural sutfix; if so, the 

 word would mean 'people of the alter- 

 nating (ebb and flow) stream.' How- 

 ever this may be, the suffix is not loca- 

 tive, since the Renape characteristic of 

 the locative is -7ik, not -k. The cognate 

 name of the river, Tappahannock, is still 



