356 



RATTLING MOCCASIN BAND RAWHIDE 



[B. A. B. 



Gourd Rattle; Kiov\ 



while among some California tribes oli- 

 vella shells took the place of the deer 

 hoofs used by others. The Pueblos make 

 rattles of conus and olivella shells, as well 

 as of antelope hoofs, tortoise shells, and 

 gourds. One Omaha rattle mentioned 

 by Dorsey was made of the molars of the 

 elk. The Tepehuane 

 used the empty pods 

 of the palm for ankle 

 rattles. In this con- 

 nection may be men- 

 tioned the clappers of 

 bone and wood used 

 by the Tlingit, Haida, 

 and other peoples. 



The second type of 

 rattle was made of a 

 gourd, of the entire 

 shell of a tortoise, of 

 pieces of rawhide 

 sewed together, or, as 

 on the N. W. coast, of 

 wood. It was usually 

 decorated Avith paint- 

 ings, carvings, or 

 feathers and pend- 

 ants, very often having a symbolic mean- 

 ing. The performer, besides shaking 

 these rattles with the hand, sometimes 

 struck them against an object. Women 

 of the Gulf tribes fastened several tor- 

 toise-shell rattles to each leg where they 

 were concealed by their clothing. Little 

 drums inclosing pebbles were used by 

 the JNlandan and the Pueb- 

 los, as well as by children 

 among the Labrador Eski- 

 mo. Many tribes made 

 rattles of loop shape out of 

 dried buffalo tails, and one 

 has been found in Tennes- 

 see, made of pottery. The 

 copper tinklers of the S. 

 W., and ceramic vessels 

 with heads containing loose 

 clay pellets, are other varie- 

 ties. Pueblo children found 

 a natural rattle provided 

 for them in the pods of the 

 rattlebox plant. Most cu- 

 rious of all was a rattle used 

 by the Pima and the In- 

 dians of California, wliich 

 consisted of a number of 

 cocoons strung together 

 containing small stones. 



On the N. AY. coast, be- 

 sides common rattles for 

 festive occasions, there were oval wood- 

 en rattles, which were the property 

 of shamans, and wooden rattles having 

 many designs around a central figure 

 of the raven, which were used almost 

 exclusively by chiefs. The carving on 

 shamans' rattles generally represented 

 supernatural helpers, and it may be noted 



Chippewa Gourd 

 Rattle (hoffman) 



that Tlingit shamans often had sjiecial 

 rattle spirits, separate from their other 

 helpers. For illustrations of rattles, see 

 Music and Musical luslruments. 



Consult Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1895, 

 1897; Curtis, N. Am. Ind., ii-v, 1908-09; 

 Dawson, Q. Charlotte Ids., 18S0; Dorsey 

 (1) in 3d Rep. B. A. E., 1884, (2) in 13th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1896; Fewkes in 22d Rep. 

 B. A. E., 1903; Hoffman in 7th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 1891; Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., 

 1902; Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E. 1896; 

 Morgan, League Iroq., 1904; Murdoch in 

 9th Rep. B.A.E., 1892; Speck inMem. Am. 

 Anthr. Asso., ii, pt. 2, 1907. (j. R. s. ) 



Rattling Moccasin Band. A band of the 

 Udewakanton Sioux, taking its namefrom 

 the chief (known also as Rattling Run- 

 ner), formerly resident on Minnesota r., 

 below L. Traverse, Minn. — Ind. Aff. Rep. 

 1859. 102, 1860; Coll. Minn. Hist. Soc, 

 III, 85, 1880. 



Raudauquaquank. The only village of 

 the Bear River Indians of North Carolina 

 in 1701, then containing 50 warriors. — 

 Lawson (1709), N. C, 383, 1860. 



Rawekhangye {Ra-ice^ qa"^-ye, 'big 

 beaver' ). A subgens of the Pakhtha or 

 Beaver gens of the Iowa. — Dorsev in 15th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 239, 1897. 



Raweyine {Ila-we' yin'-e, 'young 

 beaver'). A subgens of the Pakhtha or 

 Beaver gens of the Iowa. — Dorsev in 15th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 239, 1897. 



Rawhide. The great strength and 

 toughness of rawhide rendered it useful 

 to the Indian in an almost equal degree 

 with sinew, and among all tribes it was 

 prized for these qualities. The skins of 

 various large land and aquatic animals 

 were made into rawhide, varying, accord- 

 ing to the animal, in thinness, color, 

 strength, etc. In preparing rawhide the 

 skin was fleshed, dehaired, and stretched 

 till it dried, when it was ready for use. 

 "Whole l)uffalo or cow skins were used as 

 covers for the bull-boats of the Sioux 

 and other tribes of the upper Missouri, 

 and deerskins and seal and sea-lion skins, 

 joined by sewing, covered the canoes, 

 kaiaks, and umiaks of the tribes of the 

 far N. Pieces of rawhide were folded 

 or sewn to form the parfleche trunks and 

 knife, feather, and arrow cases, pouches, 

 and i)emmican bags of the Plains tribes, 

 who used also circular pieces of thick 

 hide for pemmican or fruit mortars. 

 Buckets, dippers, cups, drumheads, rat- 

 tles, shields, cradles, etc., were made of 

 rawhide by many tribes, andhelmetmasks 

 were made of the same material by the 

 Pueblos. 



The property which green rawhide has 

 of greatly shrinking in drying was made 

 use of in many ways — notably for casing 

 handles and heads of stone clubs, for 

 mending broken articles, and for making 



