BULL. 30] 



SACAGAWEA SACHEM 



401 



pie formerly made baskets in considerable 

 numbers. They are said to have a no- 

 ticeable strain of Mexican blood. They 

 are inclined to drunkenness, especially on 

 the feast day held in celebration of Mex- 

 ican independence, owing to the intro- 

 duction of liquor by the whites. In 1909 

 the population was 140. 

 Laboba.— Lovett in Ind. Aff. Rep., 124, 1865 (mis- 

 print). Matale de Mano. — Williamson in Ann. 

 Pub. Hist. Soc. S. Cal., Il-llI, 139, 1909. Saboba.— 

 Jackson and Kinnev, Rep. Miss. Ind., 17, 1883. 

 San Jacinto.— Burton (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 

 34th Cong., 3d sess., 117, 1857; Ind. Aff. Rep., 175, 

 1902. Savova.— Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. 

 Archrcol. and Ethnol., viii, 35, 1908 (Serrano 

 name). Savovoyam.— Ibid, (name for Inhabit- 

 ants). Soboba.— Ind. Afl. Rep. 1905, 191,1906 (said 

 to mean ' cold '). Sovovo. — Kroeber in Univ. Cal. 

 Pub., Am. Archteol. and Ethnol., vni, 39, 1908 

 (native form) . 



Sacagawea. A Shoshoni woman who 

 accompanied Lewis and Clark. She was 

 the wife of Toussaint Charbonneau, a 

 French Canadian voyageur living among 

 the Hidatsa, who was engaged by the ex- 

 plorers as interpreter, and she was de- 

 sirous of returning to her own people, 

 the Shoshoni of the Rocky mts., from 

 whom she had been captured by the Hi- 

 datsa and sold to Charbonneau when 

 about 14 years of age. On the IMissouri r. 

 herhusband, by his bad seamanship, over- 

 turned the boat on which were the records 

 of the expedition, but as they floated 

 in the river they were seized by Saca- 

 gawea and thus preserved. The leaders 

 of the expedition have recorded praises 

 of the fortitude and serviceableness ex- 

 hilnted on manyoccasionsby Birdwoman, 

 as she was also called, the English ren- 

 dering of her Hidatsa name {tsakaka, 

 ' bird ' ; 7nia, otherwise irln, hia, ' woman ' ) , 

 tliough she was encumbered by an infant, 

 born during the journey. AVhen Lewis 

 and Clark came to the first band of 

 Shoshoni, of which her brother had be- 

 come chief, Sacagawea acted as interpreter 

 and enabled the expedition to obtain po- 

 nies, without which they could not have 

 crossed the divide. Of her, Lewis wrote: 

 "Sah-cah-gar-we-ah our Indian woman 

 was one of the female prisoners taken at 

 that time tho' I cannot discover that she 

 shews any immotion of sorrow in recol- 

 lecting this event, or of joy in being again 

 restored to her native country; if she has 

 enough to eat and a few trinkets to wear 

 I believe she would be perfectly content 

 anywhere." (Orig. Jour. Lewis and 

 Clark, I, 283, 1904. ) On the return jour- 

 ney she guided Capt. Clark's party, when 

 they were lost, through the mountain 

 passes of Montana. She remained among 

 the Shoshoni in Wyoming, and when the 

 Wind River res. was created took up her 

 abode there with her son, and there she 

 died, near Ft Washakie, Apr. 9, 1884, 

 almost a hundred yearsof age. Her grave 

 is marked with a brass tablet, presented 



3456°— Bull. 30, pt 2—07 26 



by Timothy F. Burke, of Cheyenne, Wyo. 

 The last heard of her husband was in 1838, 

 when Larpenteur saw him in the Hidatsa 

 country. He was then an old man. A 

 bronze statue of this heroine of the expe- 

 dition was erected in City Park, Portland, 

 Oreg., in the summer of 1905, and another 

 statue is to be placed in the State capitol 

 at Bismarck, N. Dak. Consult Orig. Jour. 

 Lewis and Clark, 1904-05; Hebard in 

 Jour. Am. Hist., i, no. 3, 1907; Fletcher 

 in Out West, x.xiii, no. 2, 3, 1905; Coues, 

 Forty Years a Fur Trader, 1898; W^heeler 

 and Brindley in Cont. Hist. Soc. Mont., 

 VII, 1910. (f. H.) 



Sacahay€. An unidentified village or 

 tribe mentioned to Joutel in 1687 (Mar- 

 gry, D^c, III, 410, 1878), while he was 

 staying with the Kadohadacho on Red r. 

 of Louisiana, by the chief of that tribe, 

 as one of his allies. 



Sacaspada. A Calusa village on the 

 s. w. coast of Florida, about 1570. — Fon- 

 taneda Memoir {ca. 1575), Smith trans., 

 19, 1854. 



Sacaton (from Nahuatl sacafon, 'small 

 grass', dim. of zacatl, Ilispanized zacate, 

 'grass', 'hay'). A former small settle- 

 ment and trading station of the Pima, on 

 the Gila r., about 22 m. e. of Maricopa 

 station and 16 m. n. of C'asa Grande sta- 

 tion on the S. P. R. R., s. Arizona. In 

 1858 it had 204 inhabitants, and in 1863, 

 144. On the opposite bank of the river 

 is now the seat of the Pima agency, 

 which controls the Pima, Maricopa, and 

 Papago tril)es, numbering about 6,500, 

 and has a flourishing boarding school. 

 See Uturituc. 



Ku'-ii-ki.— Russell. Pima MS., B. A. E., IS, 1902 

 ('big house': Pima name). Sacatone. — Brown, 

 Apache Country, 114, 1N09. Saketon.— Bo.\, Ad- 

 ventures, 325, 1869. Socatoon. — Bailev in Ind. Aff. 

 Rep., 207, 1858. Totsik.— ten Kate" quoted by 

 Gatschet, MS., B. A. E., xx, 199, 1888 (Pima 

 name) . 



Sachal. Given by Wilkes (U. S. Expl. 

 Exped., V, 132, 133, 1844) as the name of 

 a tribe, numbering 40, on a lake of the 

 same name and on Chehalis r., s. w. 

 Wash. , into which the lake flows ' ' through 

 a river also called Sachal." 



Sachem. (1) In the form of government 

 of the Indians of INIassachusetts, the su- 

 preme ruler of a territory inhabited by a 

 certain number of tribes, each governed 

 by an inferior sachem generally called by 

 the colonists a sagamore (a cognate word 

 of Abnaki origin), and acting under his 

 command and protection. The dignity 

 was hereditary, never elective. (2) By 

 extension, a name given by writers to the 

 chief of a tribe of other North American 

 Indians. (3) One of a body of high offi- 

 cials in the Tammany Society of New 

 York city. 



The name sar/iim first occurs in Mourt's 

 Relation (1622), and next in Winslow's 

 Good Newes from New England (1624). 



