416 



SALISHAN FAMILY 



[B. A. B. 



month of Judith r., Mont., Oct. 17, 1855. 

 Lewis and Clark estimated their popula- 

 tion in 1806 to be 600; Gibbs gave their 

 probable number in 1853 as 325, a dimi- 



SALISH MAN (am. MuS. Nat. HIST.) 



nution said to be due to wars with the 

 Siksika; number of Flatheads under Flat- 

 head agency, Mont. (1909), 598. 

 Ah-shu-ah-har-peh. — Crow MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 n. d. A-shu'-e-ka-pe. — Havden, Ethnog.and Philol. 

 Mo. Val., 402, 1.SC2 ('flatheads': Crow name), 

 a-too-ha-pe. — Long, Exped. Rocky Mt.s., ii, 

 Ixxxiv, 1823 (Hidatsa name). Cootstooks pai tab 

 pee. — Henry, MS. vocab., 1808 (Blackl'oot name). 

 Faux Tetes-Plates.— Duflot de ISIol'ras, ExpL, ll, 

 335,1814. Flatheads.— Lowi.s and Clark, Discov.,3.j, 

 1807. Flathead-Selish.— Gatschet in IToc. A. A. A. 

 S., XXXI, 577, isti3. Hohilpo.— Lewis and Clark 

 Exped., I, map, 1814. Ka-ka-i-thi. — Havilen, 

 Ethnog. and I'hilol. Mo. Val., 326, 18(12 ('flathead 

 people': Arapaho name). Ka-ko'-is-tsi'-a-ta'- 

 ni-o. — Ibid., 290 ('people wlio flatten their heads': 

 Cheyenne name). Ko-toK'-spi-tup'-i-o. — Ibid., 

 264 (Blackfoot name). Nebagindibe. — Baraara, 

 Otchipwe-Eng. Diet., 281, 1880 ('flat head': Chip- 

 pewa name: "properly Nebagindibed" — identi- 

 cal'?). Pa Bda-ska. — Cook, Yanktun MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 184, 1882. Pa O-bde'-ca. — Ibid, ('heads 

 cornered or edged': Yankton name). Saalis. — 

 Duflot de Mofras, ExpL, II, 335, 1844. Sae-lies.— 

 Mayne, Brit. Col., '297, 1862. Salish,— Gatschet, 

 MS., B. A. E. (own name). Tetes-Plates.— Com- 

 mon French form, applied to various tribes. 

 Whull-e-mooch.— Deans in Am. Antiq., 41, 1886 

 (applied to Puget sd. tribes), 



Salishan Family. A linguistic family in- 

 habiting the N. portions of Washington, n. 

 Idaho, w. Montana, a small strip of the 

 N. w. coast of Oregon, and in Canada the 

 s. E. part of Vancouver id. from Thur- 

 low id. to 8ooke bay, and all the s. main- 

 land of British Columbia as far as Bute 

 inlet and Quesnelle lake, with the excep- 

 tion of that portion held by the Kutenai, 

 although within the Kutenai area, at the 

 Columbia lakes, is a small settlement of 

 Salish. Anisolated division of thefamily, 



the Bellacoola,had established itself far- 

 ther N. on Dean inlet, Burke channel, and 

 Bellacoola r. The name Salish was origi- 

 nally applied to a large tribe in w. INlon- 

 tana popularly known as Flatheads, 

 thence it was finally extended to cover all 

 those speaking a similar language. 



Although lexically distinct from one 

 another, the Salish, Chimakuan, and Wa- 

 kashan languages belong to the same 

 structural type and have remote points of 

 resemblance with Algonquian. Physi- 

 cally and culturally the coast and interior 

 Salish belong to different groups, the for- 

 mer being affiliated to some extent with 

 the other coast people to the n., and the 

 interior Salish resembling interior stocks 

 in their own neighborhood. 



If his own statements maj' be relied 

 upon, Juan de Fuca (1592) was probably 

 the first white man to visit the coun- 

 try inhabited by people of this family. 

 After his time several Spanish navigators 

 passed along their coasts, but their posi- 

 tion exposed them less frequently to visits 

 from vessels than that of the Nootka and 

 tribes farther n. Later British and 

 American vessels came to trade, the most 

 notable expedition being that of Geo. 

 Vancouver (1792-94), whose name be- 

 came attached to Vancouver id. The 

 first detailed information regarding the 

 Salishan tribes Avas obtained, however, 



SALISH MAN (am. Mus. Nat. Hist.) 



from the account of the expedition of 

 Lewisand Clark ( 1804-06 ) , and knowledge 

 of them was extended by the establish- 

 ment of Astor's fort in 1811 at the mouth 

 of the Columbia, although the fort itself 



