424 



SAN" ANTONIO SAN ANTONIO DE VALERO 



[b. a. e. 



de Carnu^, between San Pedro and Chili- 

 li, E. of the Rio Grande, N. Mex. Accord- 

 ing to Bandelier (Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 

 253, 1892), the only mention of the settle- 

 ment is made in the Carnue land grant 

 in the 18th century, and it must have 

 been occupied within historic times. 



San Antonio. A former group of Al- 

 chedoma rancherias, situated on the Rio 

 Colorado in Arizona, 35 or 40 m. below 

 the mouth of Bill Williams fork. Visited 

 and so named bv Fray Francisco Garces 

 in 1776.— Garces", Diary, 423, 1900. 



San Antonio. A Tepehuane pueblo, and 

 formerly the seat of a Spanish mission, at 

 the N. boundary of Durango, Mexico, Ion. 

 105°. 

 S. Antonio. — Orozeo y Berrn, Geog., 319, 1864. 



San Antonio de la Huerta. A pueblo of 

 the Nevome, situated at the junction of 

 the Rio Batepito and Rio Soyopa, tribu- 

 taries of the Rio Yaqui, about lat. 29°, 

 Ion. 109°, Sonora, Mexico (Orozeo y Berra, 

 Geog., 351, 1864). It is now a civilized 

 pueblo, and contained 171 inhabitants in 

 1900. 



San Antonio de Padua. The third Fran- 

 ciscan mission established in California. 

 The place was chosen by Father Junipero 

 Serra in the well-wooded valley of the 

 stream now known as San Antonio r., 

 about 6 m. from the present town of Jolon, 

 Monterey co. The native name of the 

 place was Texhaya, or Teshaya. Here the 

 mission was founded by Serra with great 

 enthusiasm on July 14, 1771, though only 

 one native was present. The Indians, 

 however, proved friendly; they brought 

 food and helped in the work of con- 

 structing the church and other necessary 

 buildings. The first native was baptized 

 a month later, and by the end of 1 772, 158 

 baptisms were reported. In 1780 the 

 neophytes numbered 585, while by 1790 

 they had reached 1,076, making it the 

 largest mission community at that time 

 in California. By 1800 there was a slight 

 increase to 1,118, while the greatest num- 

 ber in the history of the mission, 1,124, 

 was reached in 1805. The wealth of the 

 mission was not so great as that of some 

 others. The land was reported as rather 

 sterile and difficult to irrigate, although 

 the average crop for the decade ending 

 1810 was 3, 780 bushels. In the year last 

 named there were 3,700 cattle, 700 horses, 

 and more than 8,000 sheep. Though the 

 number of the neophytes gradually de- 

 creased, reaching 878 in 1820 and 681 in 

 1830, the mission live stock continued to 

 multiply and the crops were nearly as 

 good as before. In 1830 Robinson (Life 

 in California, 81, 1846) reported that 

 everything at the mission was in the most 

 perfect order, and the Indians cleanly 

 and well dressed. Beyond an attack on 

 the mission converts by some outside na- 

 tives in 1774, in which one Indian only 



was wounded, there does not seem to have 

 been any trouble with the natives in this 

 region. By 1830 there were said to be 

 no more gentiles within 75 m. Up to 

 1834 the total number of Indians baptized 

 was 4,348, of whom 2,587 were children. 

 The earlier buildings of the mission were 

 of adobe, but a new and larger church 

 with arched corridors and a brick front 

 was begun about 1809, and completed 

 within the next ten years. The mission 

 was formally secularized in 1835, and 

 during the next few years declined rapidly, 

 losing a large part of its stock. There 

 was much friction between Padre Mer- 

 cado and the civil administrator, and 

 many of the Indians deserted because of 

 bad treatment. As with the other mis- 

 sions, the control was restored to the 

 padres in 1843, but too late to accomplish 

 much good. There seems to be no record 

 of the sale of the mission. Padre Doroteo 

 Ambris remained therefor several years, 

 and at his death the mission was deserted, 

 except for an occasional service by a visit- 

 ing priest from San Miguel. The place 

 remained in ruins until 1904, when the 

 Landmarks Club of California undertook 

 its preservation. The Indians in the 

 neighborhood of the San Antonio mission 

 belonged to the Salinan linguistic stock, 

 but the mission also had neophytes from 

 the San Joaquin valley, probably Yokuts. 

 The following names of villages have 

 been taken from the old mission books 

 (Taylor, Cal. Farmer, Apr. 27, 1860): 

 Atnel, Chacomex, Chitania, Cholucyte, 

 Chunapatama,Chuquilin(SanMiguelita), 

 Chuzach, Cinnisel, Ejmal, Ginace, lolon, 

 Lamaca, Lima, Quina (Quinada), Sapay- 

 wis, Seama, Steloglamo, Subazama, Teco- 

 lom, Teshaya, Tetachoya (Ojitos), Texja, 

 Tsilacomap, Zassalete, Zumblito. The 

 rancherias, it is said, wei'e generally 

 named after their chiefs. (a. b. l. ) 



San Antonio de Valero. A mission, com- 

 monly known as the The Alamo ( AhMah- 

 mo), transplanted in 1718 from the Rio 

 Grandetothesiteof the present city of San 

 Antonio, Texas. It, together with the ad- 

 jacent presidio and vil la, was founded as an 

 intermediate center of operations between 

 the Rio Grande and the e. Texas mis- 

 sions, which had been reestablished in 

 1716. The missionary part of the enter- 

 prise was planned and directed by Fray 

 Antonio de San Buenaventura de Oli- 

 vares. In 1700 he had founded San Fran- 

 cisco Solano mission near the Rio Grande, 

 in Valle de la Circumcision (Portillo, 

 Apuntes para la Historia Antigua de 

 Coahuila y Texas, 269-70, 1888). It was 

 subsequently moved to San Ildefonso, 

 thence to San Joseph, on the Rio Grande, 

 a short distance from Presidio del Rio 

 Grande ( Valero Bautismos, folio 1 ) . The 

 principal tribe baptized at these places 

 was the Xarame, although the Siaguan, 



