BULL. 30] 



S AND ATOTON SANDIA 



429 



warmer isotherms, but often being car- 

 ried by migration and retained through 

 tribal custom in regions wliere extremes 

 of temperature prevailed. In both hemi- 

 spheres the sandal formed a part of the 

 costume of the peoples more advanced in 

 culture; it was the characteristic foot- 

 wear of tlie Peruvians, Central Ameri- 

 cans, INIexicans, and Pueblos, and espe- 

 cially of Indians living in the cactus 

 region generally. In its simplest form 

 the Pueblo sandal consisted of a sole 

 braided from tenacious leaves, held to the 

 foot by a toe and heel cord, or by a cord 

 roved through loops on the margin of the 

 sole and passing over the foot. Other 

 sandals have flaps at the toe and heel, 

 and in some cases the entire foot is cov- 

 ered, when the sandal becomes a sort of 

 rude moccasin. Sandals occur in consid- 

 erable variety, designed for men, women, 

 and children, and for different seasons. 

 The material is almost exclusively de- 

 rived from the yucca plant — either the 

 plain leaves, hanks of the extracted fiber, 

 or cord of various sizes twisted from the 

 fiber. Sandals consisting of a half-inch 

 pad of yucca fibers, held to the foot with 

 strips of the same material or by thongs, 

 are said to be worn by Kawia men at 

 night. Putnam found sandals in Mam- 

 moth Cave, Ky., thus determining their 

 former use in e. United States. A few 

 tribes of California, the Ute of the inte- 

 rior basin, the Mohave, the Pima, and 

 perhaps the tribes around the Gulf of 

 Mexico, wore sandals. Within recent 

 years the older people among the Pima 

 have connnonly worn sandalsof undressed 

 hide, especially when traveling, to pro- 

 tect the feet from cactus spines. A simi- 

 lar sandal is worn by the Chemehuevi. 

 Among some of the ancient Pueblos a 

 sandal was buried with the body of an 

 infant to "guide" the deceased to the 

 sipapu or entrance to the underworld. 

 See CloOdiKj, Moccasin. 



CoH'^ult Fewkes in 17th Rep. B. A. E., 

 573, 1898; Holmes in 1.3th Rep. B. A. E., 

 34, 1896; Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., 

 Am. Archjeol. and Ethnol., viii, no. 2, 

 1908; Mason in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1894, 

 1896; Mindeleff in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 133, 

 1891; Nordenskiijld, Cliff Dwellers of the 

 Mesa Verde, 1893. (w. h.) 



Sandatoton ('those who eat by them- 

 selves'). A clan or band of the 'Chirica- 

 hua Apache, supposed to be a part of the 

 Pinaleno now under San Carlos and Fort 

 Apache agencies, Ariz. 



Kassiluda.— Gatschet, MS., B. A. E., 1883 (from 

 thenjinieor their chief). San-da-to-tons. — White, 

 MS. Hist. Apaches, B. A. E., 1875. Sandedotan.— 

 Gatschet, MS., B. A. E., 1883. 



Sandbanks. A Hatteras village on Hat- 

 terasid., N. C, e. of Pamlico sd.,inl701. — 

 Lawson (1709), Hist. Car., 383, 1860. 



Sanderstown, A former Cherokee set- 

 tlement in N. E. Alabama, probably tak- 

 ing its name from some i)rominent mixed- 

 blood, (j. M. ) 



Sandia (Span.: 'watermelon'). A Ti- 

 gua pueblo on the e. bank of the Rio 

 Grande, N. Mex., 12 m. n. of All)U(]uer- 

 que. It evidently formed one of the pue- 

 blos of the Province of Tiguex of the 

 chroniclers of Coronado's expedition in 

 1540-42; and is the Napeya (a corruj)tion 

 of Nafiat, the native name of the pueblo) 

 of Juan de Ofiate in 1598. Sandia Ije- 

 came the seat of the Franciscan mission 

 of San Francisco early in the 17t]i cen- 

 tury, but it was abandoned during the 

 Pueblo revolt of 1680, most of the in- 

 habitants fleeing for safety to the Hopi 

 country in n. e. Arizona, where, probably 



A SANDIA MAi 



with other refugees, they built the village 

 of Payupki, on the Middle mesa, the walls 

 of which are still partly standing. Pay- 

 upki is the name by which the Sandia- 

 pueblo is still known to the Hopi. In 

 1681 Gov. Otermin, during his attempt to 

 reconquer New Mexico, burned Sandia. 

 The people remained among the Hopi 

 until 1742, when Fathers Delgado and 

 Pino brought 441 of them and their chil- 

 dren to the Rio Grande; but it would 

 seem that some of these returned to Ari- 

 zona, since Father Juan Miguel Menchero, 

 in a petition to the governor in 1748, stated 

 that for six years he had been engaged in 

 missionary work among the Indians, and 

 had "converted and gained more than 

 350 souls from here to the Puerco r., 



