436 



SAN FRANCISCO DE LOS TEJAS 



[b. a. e. 



part carried out in June and July by Gov. 

 Manuel Munoz. On July 11 the mova- 

 bles and lands were distributed among 

 the Indians, each of the 15 adult males 

 being given about 10 acres as private 

 property, and about 100 acres being as- 

 signed to the Indians in common ( Ynven- 

 tario de los bienes, etc., in Gen. Land 

 Office, Texas, Span. Archives, l, folios 

 29-40). It seems, however, that the 

 Zacatecan friars continuetl their ministry 

 there well into the 19th century. In 

 1804 there were 39 persons living at the 

 pueblo, and 107 at the mission of San 

 Francisco de la Espada. They were 

 probably not all Indians (census of 1804 

 in Bexar Archives). (h. e. b. ) 



San Francisco de los Tejas (or Neches). 

 A Franciscan mission, established in May- 

 June 1690, among the Nabedache tribe, 

 a short distance "w. of Neches r., and 

 about 40 m. s. w. of Nacogdoches, Texas. 

 The Nabedache village and the stream 

 near which the mission was founded 

 both became known to the Spaniards as 

 San Pedro. The name of the general 

 locality is still preserved by San Pedro 

 cr. and by the post village of San Pedro 

 N. E. of Crockett, Houston co. A recent 

 personal examination of the country by 

 the writer, in the light of the documents, 

 has fixed the location of the mission at 

 a point from one to two miles n. w. of 

 the present village of Weches. The mis- 

 sion, the first in Texas, was founded by 

 Capt. Alonso de Leon and Father Da- 

 mian INIassanet, sometimes called Man- 

 zanet (Manzanet, letter in Quar. Tex. 

 Hist. Asso., II, 281-312, 1899). The pa- 

 dres founded near by another small es- 

 tablishment called Santisimo Nombre de 

 Maria, at which Francisco de Jesus Ma- 

 ria wrote his valuable report on the Ha- 

 sinai Indians, Aug. 15, 1691. The mis- 

 sionaries worked zealously and succeeded 

 in baptizing the .linesi, or high-priest, of 

 the confederacy, and 80 or more others; 

 but, owing to pestilence, the refusal of 

 the Indians to live in a pueblo of the 

 Spanish sort, their growing hostility, and 

 the excesses of the soldiers, the missions 

 were abandoned, Oct. 25, 1693, by order 

 of the Viceroy ( Velasco, Dictamen Fis- 

 cal, Nov. 30, 1716, in Mem. de Nueva 

 Espaiia, xxvir, 188, MS.). In 1716 San 

 Francisco mission was refounded a few 

 leagues farther inland, across the Neche 

 r. and among the Neche and Nacachau 

 tribes. The site was evidently s. w. of 

 Alto, Cherokee co., near the Neche In- 

 dian mounds. While here the mission 

 was known as San Francisco de los Ne- 

 ches, or de los Texas. It was put in 

 charge of a pioneer in that country, Fr. 

 Francisco Hidalgo, and was designed to 

 serve the Nabedache, Neche, Nacachau, 

 and Nacouo tribes (Hidalgo and Cas- 



tellano to Mesquia, Oct. 6, 1716, MS. in 

 Archivo Gen.), but it apparently did 

 not succeed any better than before. In 

 1719 it was abandoned, like all of the 

 E. Texas missions, because of fear of an 

 attack by the French. On Aug. 5, 1721, 

 it was reestablished by the Marquis 

 de Aguayo and Espinosa, and put in 

 charge of Fr. Jose Guerra. On this day 

 Aguayo gave the Neche chief the baston, 

 the symbol of authority conferred by the 

 Spaniards, and clothed 180 Indians of all 

 ages. Espinosa exhorted them to gather 

 into a pueblo, to l)e named San Francisco 

 Valero (Peiia, Diario, JNIem. de Nueva 

 Espana, xxviii, 39, MS.). This they 

 promised to do as soon as they could 

 harvest their corn (ibid.). Still the 

 mission failed to succeed. In 1727 Ri- 

 vera found it without Indians, and de- 

 scribed the settlement as one of huts 

 (Diario, leg. 2,140, 1736; Provecto, folio 

 50, 1728, MS. in Archivo Gen.). In 1729 

 the presidio on the Angelina was with- 

 drawn, and as a result the mission, to- 

 gether with those of San Jose de los Na- 

 zones and Nuestra Sefiora de la Puri'sima 

 Concepcion (q. v.), wag removed in 1730. 

 After an attempt had been made to find 

 a site on the San INIarcos, Nueces, and 

 Frio rs., the mission was reestablished, 

 in 1731, on San Antonio r. as San Fran- 

 cisco de la Espada (q. v.). The buildings 

 of the mission were evidently mainly of 

 wood, hence no remains have been iclen- 

 tified. (h. e. b.) 



Francisco de Necha.— Rep. de los Religiosos, 1729, 

 MS.inMem.de Nueva Espaiia, xxvni, 65, MS. 

 Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas. — Espi- 

 nosa, Diari(^, 1716, ISIS, in Archivo Gt-n., Prov. 

 Intern., 181. San Francisco.— Francisco Hidalgo, 

 Oct. 6, 1716, Letter to Mesquia, MS. San Fran- 

 cisco de los Nechas. — Bonilla, Breve Compendio 

 (1772), in Quar. Tex. Hist. Asso. vin, 35, 1904. 

 San Francisco de los Neches. — Ibid., 38. San Fran- 

 cisco de los Techas,— Massanet, Letter, Aug. 20, 

 1691, IMS. in Archivo C^en., Prov. Intern., 182. 

 Seiior San Francisco.— Ram6n (1716), Derrotero, 

 In Mem. de Nueva Espana, xxvii, 216, MS. 



San Francisco de Pima. A Pima ranche- 

 ria, 10 or 12 leagues above the Eio Asun- 

 cion from Pitic, about lat. 31°, Sonora, 

 Mexico. Depopulated many years prior 

 to 1763 (Kudo Ensayo, ca. 1763, 159, 

 1863) . 



San Francisco de Valero. The name as- 

 signed in 1721 to the Indian pueblo at- 

 tached to San Francisco de Los Neches 

 (or Tejas) mission, near Neches r., in 

 Cherokee CO., Texas (Peiia, Diario, 1721, 

 in Mem. cle Nueva Espana, xxviii, 39, 

 MS.) . See (San Francisco de los Tejas, and 

 Neche. (h. e. b. ) 



San Francisco Solano. The last Francis- 

 can- mission established in California. 

 The removal of the sick Indians to San 

 Rafael had proved so beneficial that the 

 proposal was made to move the San 

 Francisco (Dolores) mission to some 

 more favored spot on the n. shore of the 



