438 



SAlSr FRANCISCO XAVIER DE NAXERA 



[b. a. : 



important for the ethnology of the tribes of 

 middle and southern Texas, as they show 

 that the tribes gathered at San Xavier 

 were distributed among the three mis- 

 sions avowedlj' on the basis of linguistic 

 grouping. In San Francisco Xavier were 

 placed the group of Tonkawan affiliation, 

 including the Tonkawa, Yojuane, Ma- 

 yeye, and Ervipiame; to San Ildefonso 

 were assigned the Bidai, Arkokisa, Dea- 

 dose, and Patiri; and to Nuestra Senora 

 de la Candelaria the Karankawan group, 

 including Coco, Karankawa, and Tops 

 (Documents in the College of Santa Cruz 

 de Queretaro, K. leg. 6, nos. 12 and 18). 

 The successful beginning of these mis- 

 sions is proved by the fact that when 

 Capt. Joseph de Eca y Musquiz inspected 

 them sometime before Mar. 11, 1751, he 

 counted 431 neophytes — 161 at San Xa- 

 vier, 176 at San Idlefonso, and 102 at 

 Candelaria. By that time 253 persons 

 had been baptized, of whom 77 had died 

 (Arricivita, op. cit. ; Viceroy's decree, op. 

 cit. ). Some time before Musquiz had 

 made his report (the chronology is not 

 clear) an epidemic of smallpox attacked 

 the Indians, carrying off 40 at San Ilde- 

 fonso alone (Arricivita, op. cit., 328-29). 

 Four times within one year the Apache 

 molested San Xavier mission, killing 3 

 soldiers and 4 Indians, and stealing some 

 horses. Soon after the epidemic the In- 

 dians of San Ildefonso were all induced 

 by the Naljedache and other eastern 

 tribes to desert and join in a general 

 campaign against the Apache. When 

 they returned they settled some leagues 

 from the mission and did not reenter it 

 (Arricivita, op. cit., 326). These misfor- 

 tunes proved the necessity of a stronger 

 military force to protect the missions and 

 to control the neophytes. Accordingly, 

 on Mar. 11, 1751, a presidio named San 

 Xavier, garrisoned by 50 soldiers, was 

 authorized (Decree of this date, in the 

 Lamar Papers). It was assigned to Don 

 Felipe Rdbago y Teran, who took charge 

 in December of that year (Dolores to 

 the Viceroy, Oct. 28, 1760, MS. in Ar- 

 chivo Gen. de Mex.). A quarrel arose 

 between Rabago and the missionaries; 

 early in 1752 the Coco of Candelaria de- 

 serted; and a few days later (May 11) the 

 missionary at San Ildefonso was mur- 

 dered by an unknown hand. The addi- 

 tion of drought, strange natural pheno- 

 mena, and another epidemic, to these 

 misfortunes, caused the abandonment of 

 the place in 1755 or 1756, the garrison 

 and missionaries removing to San Mar- 

 cos r. Shortly afterward some of the 

 Mayeye of San Xavier mission were re- 

 assembled by the missionaries and taken 

 to GuadaUipe r., where they were minis- 

 tered to for a short time (Arricivita, op. 

 cit., 337; Dolores, Escrito, June 1756, 



MS. in the College of Santa Cruz de Que- 

 retaro). In the latter part of 1756 the 

 garrison was removed from the Rio San 

 Marcos to become a part of the new 

 presidio at San Sabii ( Arricivita, op, cit. , 

 367). See Nuestra Senora de la Candela- 

 ria; San Francisco Xavier de Ndxera; 

 San Ildefonso. (h. e. b. ) 



San Javier.— Bancroft, No. Mex. States, I, 641,1886. 



San Francisco Xavier de Naxera. A Que- 

 r^taran mission, nominally founded Mar. 

 10, 1722, on San Antonio r., Texas, be- 

 tween San Antonio de Valero and San 

 Jose missions, under the protection of 

 the presidio of San Antonio de Bejar, 

 and put in charge of Fr. Jose Gonzales. 

 It was founded for the Ervipiame Indians 

 of Rancheria Grande (q. v.) near the 

 Brazos, at the request of their chief, 

 called by the Spaniards Juan Rodriguez, 

 who, before Feb. 1721, brought 50 fami- 

 lies of his followers to San Antonio. 

 When Aguayo went to reestablish the e. 

 Texas missions, he took Juan Rodriguez 

 with him as a guide, and when he re- 

 turned to San Antonio in 1722 he found- 

 ed the mission, as stated. Juan Rodri- 

 guez was made " governor of the suburb 

 (6ci*t/o) of the Hyerbipiamos." It seems 

 that the material part of the mission was 

 never sujsplied, and that the baptisms of 

 the Ervipiame which followed were made 

 at Valero mission. They were first en- 

 tered in a separate book, and later trans- 

 ferred to the Valero records as ' ' Bap- 

 tisms of the Hyerbipiamos, whom it was 

 attempted to place in a new mission 

 with the name San Francisco Xavier, an 

 attempt which failed because they re- 

 mained in this mission of San Antonio." 

 These entries, 32 in number, began Mar. 

 12, 1721 ( before the mission was founded ) , 

 and ended July 20, 1726 (Libro en que se 

 Assientan los Bauptismos de los Indios de 

 esta Mision de S. Ant°). Of these bap- 

 tisms 24 were of persons of Ervipiame, 

 Maruam, or Ticmamar blood. About 

 1748 a new mission, called San Xavier, 

 was established on San Xavier r. for Ran- 

 cheria Grande and other tribes, and it may 

 be regarded, therefore, as the revived San 

 Francisco Xavier de Naxera. (h. e. b. ) 

 San Javier de Najera. — Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 

 I, 666, 1886. San Xavier de Naxera. — Garrison, 

 Texas, 70, 1903. 



San Francisco Xavier de Viggd-Biaundo. 

 A Jesuit mission, commonly known as 

 Biaundo, or Viaundo, founded in 1699 

 by Padre Picolo in Lower California. 

 The 11 Indian settlements which be- 

 longed to it in 1702 are enumerated in 

 Picolo's memoir of 1702 (Lettres Edifi- 

 antes, ii, 62, 1841). Eight of theise lay 

 s. of the seat of the mission, which waa 

 in 25° 45' lat., a fewm. s. w. of Loreto. 

 According to Hervas, the natives spoke 

 Cochimi. According to Venegas (Hist. 

 Cal., II, 196, 1759) it had only five visitas 



