452 



SAN RAFAEL SAN SABAS 



[b. a. e. 



Stevens, ibid., 22, 1870. Sanspoele. — Wilson in 

 Trans. Ethnol.Soe. Lond., 292, 1866. SansPuelles.— 

 Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., i, 414, 18.55. Sapwell.— 

 Parker, Jour., 293, 1840. Sempoils. — Lane in Sen. 

 Ex. Doe. 52, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 170, 1850. Sina- 

 poil. — Cox, Columbia R., ii, 38, 1831. Sinapoi- 

 luch. — Anderson quoted by Gibbs in Hist. Mag., 

 VII, 77, 1863. Sinipouals. — Duflot de Mofras, Ore- 

 gon, 11,335, 1844. Sinpaivelish. — M'Vickar, Exped. 

 Lewis and Clark, ll, 386, 1S42. Sinpauelish. — 

 Parker, Jour., 313, 1842. Sin-poh-ell-ech-ach.— 

 Ross, Adventures, 290, 1849. Sinpoil.— De Smet, 

 Letters, 169, 1843. Sin-poil-er-hu. — Suckley in Pac. 

 R. R. Rep., I, 300, 1855. Sin-poil-schne.— Gibb.s, 

 ibid., 414. Siur Polls. — Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 733, 1896 (variant form). Sklarkum. — Suckley, 

 op. cit.,300. Snpoilixix— Gatschet, MS., B. A. E. 

 (Okinagan form) . Snpuelish. — Ibid. (Salish form) . 



San Rafael. The next to the last Fran- 

 ciscan mission established in California; 

 founded as an asistencia or branch of San 

 Francisco (Dolores). The mortality 

 among the Indians in San Francisco had 

 become so great that a panic was feared, 

 and a transfer of a portion of the survivors 

 to some situation on the n. side of the bay- 

 was proposed. At first they were sent 

 over without a priest, but after several 

 had died it was determined to found a 

 new establishment; this was done, Dec. 

 14, 1817, the new mission being dedicated 

 to San Rafael Arcdngel. The native 

 name of the place was Nanaguami. 

 About 230 neophytes were transferred 

 from San Francisco, most of whom, how- 

 ever, originally came from the n. side of 

 the bay. An adobe building, 87 by 42 ft, 

 divided into rooms for chapel, dwelling- 

 rooms, etc., was finished in 1818. Two 

 years later there were 590 neophytes, and 

 1,140, the highest number reached, in 

 1828. By 1823 the establishment was 

 recognized as a separate mission. Its 

 wealth was never very great, though it 

 was prosperous, having in 1830, 1,548 large 

 stock and 1,852 sheep, with an average 

 crop for the preceding decade of 2,454 

 bushels. In 1830 there were 970 neo- 

 phytes, the number decreasing about 50 

 percent in the next four years. At the 

 time of secularization considerable prop- 

 erty was distributed among the Indians; 

 but in 1837, under the plea that the na- 

 tives were not making good use of it, this 

 was again brought together, with a prom- 

 ise of redistribution under more favor- 

 able circumstances. In 1839 the Indians 

 were reported to be greatly dissatisfied, 

 and in 1840 a distribution of the livestock 

 was ordered. There were then 190 In- 

 dians near the mission, and probably 150 

 more scattered elsewhere. In 1846 Fre- 

 mont took possession of the mission. 

 After he left, it seems to have been unoc- 

 cupied, and it has now entirely disap- 

 peared. The neophytes probably be- 

 longed chiefly to the Olamentke division 

 of the Moquelumnan family, (a. b. l. ) 



SanRafael. Formerly arancheria of the 

 Papago in s. Arizona, near the headwaters 

 of the Rio Salado of Sonora, Mexico; vis- 

 ited in 1701 and 1702 by Father Kino and 



so named by him. Possibly identical with 

 the modern Mesquite or Quijotoa (q. v. ), 

 but not to be confounded with the mission 

 of Guevavi, which bore the same saint 

 name, nor with San Serafin (Actum). 

 San Kafael.— Kino (1700) in Doe. Hist. Mex., 4th 

 s., I, 318, 1856. S. Rafael.— Kino, map (1701), in 

 Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 360, 1889; Venegas, 

 Hist. Cal., I, map, 1759. S. Rafael Actun.- Ban- 

 croft, No. Mex. States, I, 502, 1884. S. Raphael.— 

 Kino, map (1702), in Stocklein, Neue Welt-Bott, 

 74, 1726. 



San Bafael. A former rancheria in s. 

 Arizona, probably Maricopa, visited by 

 Kino and Mange in 1699 (Mange cited by 

 Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 358, 1889). 

 Not to be confounded with the San Rafael 

 in the Pima country. 



San Rafael de los Gentiles. Mentioned 

 by Bancroft (Ariz, and N. Mex., 281, 1889) 

 as a pueblo settlement of New Mexico 

 with 15 inhabitants, about 1765. Local- 

 ity not known. 



San Rudesindo. A rancheria of the 

 Quigyuma, visited and so named by 

 Father Kino in Mar. 1702. Doubtless 

 situated on the e. bank of the Rio Colo- 

 rado, just above its mouth, in n. w. 

 Sonora, Mexico. See Venegas, Hist, 

 Cal., I, 310, 1759; Bancroft, No. Mex. 

 States, I, 500, 1884; Coues, Garces Diary, 

 178, 1900. 



San Saba. A Franciscan mission estab- 

 lished on the Rio San Saba in Texas, in 

 Apr. 1757, among the Lipan Apache, 

 under the protection of the presidio of 

 San Luis de las Amarillas, 1 j leagues dis- 

 tant, named in honor of the Viceroy of 

 Mexico. The Spaniards were induced 

 by the Lipan to found the mission in 

 order that they might gain the aid of the 

 former against their enemies the Coman- 

 che, but after its establishment the Lipan 

 refused under various pretexts to become 

 concentrated under mission influence. On 

 Mar. 2, 1758, the Comanche and their 

 allies (Wichita and others) raided the 

 Spanish horse herd and captured 62 head, 

 and onthel6th2,000(?) mounted hostiles 

 gained entrance to the mission under 

 protestations of friendship, murdered 

 nearly all the occupants, and burned the 

 buildings. But few of the Lipan were 

 killed, most of them having fled to the 

 mountains on the approach of the Co- 

 manche. In the following year an expe- 

 dition against the raiders was made, and 

 in an attack on a rancheria 150 leagues 

 away, 55 of the foe were killed, but little 

 else was accomplished, the Spaniards 

 fleeing when a band of warriors, said to 

 number 6,000, of different tribes, at a 

 place called San Teodoro in the Wichita 

 (Taovayases) country, made a stand 

 against them. See Bancroft, No. Mex. 

 States, I, 646, 1886; Garrison, Texas, 1904. 



San Sabas. A visitation town in 1745, 

 situated 3 leagues from the parent mission 

 of San Ignacio de Kadakaman, about lat. 



