456 



SANTA CATARINA SANTA CLARA 



[b. a. e. 



ent, May 18, 1797, in the n. part of Lower 

 California, 50 ni. e. of Santo Tomas mis- 

 sion, about lat. 31° 20'. It was destroyed 

 by the Indians between 1827 and 1833. 

 This was the last mission established in 

 Lower California. According to Duflot 

 de Mofras(Voy., i, 217, 228, 1844) the In- 

 dians living there were the Gueymura. 

 See also Taylor in Browne, Pac. Slope, 

 app., 51, 1869. 



Santa Catarina. A settlement of the 

 Huichol, consisting of only 11 houses and 

 a temple, in the valley of the middle Rio 

 Chapalagana, a n. e. tributary of the Rio 

 Grande de Santiago, in Jalisco, Mexico. — 

 Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., ii, 16, map, 

 147, 1902. 



Toapuli.— Lumholtz, ibid., 147 ('where there is 

 amole : Huichol name). 



Santa Clara. The eighth Franciscan 

 mission established in California. The 

 site first chosen was near Guadalupe r., 

 not far from the head of San Francisco 

 bay, and about 3 m. from its present po- 

 sition. This site was called Thamien by 

 the natives. Here the mission was 

 founded, Jan. 12, 1777, and dedicated to 

 Santa Clara de Asis. Cattle and supplies 

 arrived from Monterey and San Fran- 

 cisco, and work on the buildings was 

 immediately begun. The Indians were 

 at first friendly, but soon began to steal 

 cattle, and did not entirely desist even 

 after 3 were killed and several flogged. 

 By the end of the year there had been 67 

 baptisms, mostly children. In 1779 the 

 mission was twice flooded, and it was 

 decided to rebuild at another site on 

 higher ground. A new church was begun 

 in 1781 and finished in 1784, the finest 

 erected in California up to that time. 

 This church was considerably damaged 

 by earthquakes in 1812 and later, and a 

 new one was finally built on the present 

 site in 1825-26. Shortly after 1800 there 

 was considerable trouble with the natives. 

 Many of the neophytes seem to have rim 

 away at different times, and the expedi- 

 tions sent out to bring them back were 

 attacked in a few cases. The wealth of 

 the mission increased rapidly. In 1790 

 the large stock numbered 2,817, small 

 stock 836; in 1800 there were about 5,000 

 each, while in 1810 the numbers were 

 8,353 and 10,027, respectively, with aver- 

 age crops for the two decades of 4,600 

 and 4,970 bushels. The converts also 

 increased rapidly, numbering 927 in 1790, 

 1,247 in 1800, 1,332 in 1810, and 1,357 in 

 1820. The highest figure, 1,464, was 

 reached in 1827, after which the decline 

 was very rapid. The stock and the 

 yearly crops of the mission had decreased 

 considerably before this time. The total 

 number of natives baptized up to 1834 

 was 7,711, of whom 3,177 were children. 

 The death-rate at the mission was very 

 high. In 1834 there were about 800 



neophytes, while in 1840 there were only 

 290, with possibly 150 more scattered in 

 the district. The mission was secular- 

 ized in 1837. By 1840 two-thirds of the 

 stock and apparently all of the available 

 property had disappeared. The mission 

 was returned to the control of the padres 

 in 1843, and two years later there were 

 about 150 ex-neophytes connected with 

 the mission. After this Santa Clara mis- 

 sion became a regular parish church, and 

 in 1851 Santa Clara College was estab- 

 lished in the old mission buildings. The 

 growth of the collegenecessitated the reno- 

 vation and enlargement of the buildings, 

 so that now there is little remaining of tlie 

 old adobe structures. The Indians in the 

 neighborhood of the mission belonged to 

 the Costanoan linguistic family, and these 

 doubtless furnished the majority of the 

 neophytes, yetitis probablethatthe Mari- 

 posan (Yokuts)andMoquelumnan stocks 

 were also represented. (a. b. l.) 



Santa Clara. A Tewa pueblo on thew. 

 bank of the Rio Grande, about 30 m. 

 above Santa Fe, in Rio Arriba co. , N. Mex. 

 The native name of the pueblo is K ' hapoo, 

 said to mean "where the roses (?) grow 

 near the water." The natives assert that 

 their ancestors dwelt in the clusters of 



A NATIVE OF SANTA CLARA 



artificial grottos excavated in cliffs of 

 pumice-stone (Puye and Slmfinne) w. of 

 the Rio Grande, and this may be true 

 of both historic and prehistoric times; but 

 the Santa Clara people probably were 

 not the only Tewa occupants of these 

 cliff-lodges. Santa Clara was formerly 

 the seat of a Spanish mission, with a 



