BULL. 301 



SAT^TA CLARA — SANTA CRUZ 



457 



church and monastery erected between 

 1622 and 1629, and was a visita of the 

 mission of San Ildefonso (q. v.) until 

 1782, when it was again made a mission 

 with San Ildefonso as its visita. Like 

 Sia and Nambe, this pueblo, according 

 to Bandelier, doubtless owed its decline 

 to the constant inter-killing going on for 

 supposed evil practices of witchcraft, or 

 to the ravages of disease, for in 1782 500 

 deaths occurred in this and San Juan 

 pueblos alone within two months ( Ban- 

 delier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 23, 1892). 

 Not to be confounded with the Tano 

 pueblo of Tuerto, whose aboriginal name 

 is the same as that of Santa Clara. The 

 Santa Clara clans are: Tang (Sun), Khung 

 (Corn), Tse (Eagle), Kea (Badger), 

 Pe (Tree or Firewood), Te (Cottonwood), 

 Na (Earth), Po (Calabash), D'ye (Go- 

 pher), Kunya (Turquoise), Kupi (Coral), 

 Yan (Willow), and Pa (Deer). There 

 are also said to be an Oak and a Cloud 

 clan. Pop. 277 in 1910. (f. w. H.) 



Ak'-e-ji.— Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1896 (Pecos 

 name). Ana Sflshi.— Curtis, Am. Ind., i, 138, 

 1907 ('tribe like bears,' so named from their 

 skunk-skin moccasins, at first thought to be of 

 bear-skin: Navahoname). Ca-po. — Bandelier in 

 Ritch, New Mexico, 201, 1885 (native name). 

 Capo.— Vetancurt (1696), Cronica, 317, 1871. 

 Capoo. — Benavides, Memorial, 59, 1630. Caypa. — 

 Onate (1598) in Doc. In6d., xvi, 256^ 1871 (con- 

 founded with San Juan). Giowaka-a'. — Steven- 

 son, Pecos MS. vocab., B. A_. E., 1887 (Pecos name 

 of the pueblo). Giowatsa-a'. — Ibid. Eai'bata. — 

 Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Taos name). 

 Haiba'yu.— Ibid., 1899 (another form of Taos 

 name). Haiphaha.— Ibid. (Picuris name). 

 Kah-po.— Jouvenceau in Cath. Pion., I, no. 9. 12, 

 1906. Kaiipa.— Hodge, field notes, B. A. E.,1895 

 (Acomaname). Kai'p'a,— Ibid. (Cochitiname). 

 Kap-ho'.— Ibid. (San Juan and San Ildefonso 

 form). Ka-Po.— Bandelier (1888) in Proc. Cong. 

 Am., VII, 457, 1890. Ka-po. — Bandelier in Arch. 

 Inst. Papers, iii, 124, 260, 1890 (native name of 

 pueblo). Ka-Poo.— Bandelier, Gilded Man, 232, 

 1893. Ka-pou. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 

 IV, 64, 1892. Kapung.— Stephenin 8th Rep.B. A. E., 

 37, 1891 (Hano name). K'haibhai.— Hodge, field 

 notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Isleta name). K'ha-po'-o. — 

 Ibid, (own name). Santa Clara, — Onate (1598) in 

 Doc.In^d., XVI, 116, 1871. S. Clara.— Crepv, Map 

 Am6r. Sept., 1783 (?). Shi-ap'-a-gi.— Hodge, field 

 notes, B. A.E., 1895 (Jemez name). St^Clara. — 

 D'Anville, Map Amer. Sept., 1746. S« Clara.— De 

 risle, Carte Mex. et Flor., 1703. 



Santa Clara. A collective term used to 

 designate the Indians formerly living 

 within the territory or under the influ- 

 ence of Santa Clara mission, Santa Clara 

 CO., Cal. They were Thamien, with their 

 divisions into Gergecensens and Socoisu- 

 kas (Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 23, 1860). 



Santa Clara. A former village in Cali- 

 fornia, so called by the padres of San Carlos 

 mission. Its people are said to have been 

 Esselen. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 

 1860. 



Santa Coleta. A group of rancherias, 

 evidently of the Alchedoma, near the Rio 

 Colorado in w. Arizona, about 50 m. below 

 the mouth of Bill Williams fork. They 

 were visited and so named by Fray Fran- 

 cisco Garc6s in 1776. 



Rancherias de Santa Coleta. — Garc6s (1776), Diary, 

 424, 1900. 



Santa Cruz (Holy Cross). The twelfth 

 Franciscan mission established in Califor- 

 nia. The proposed site was personally ex- 

 amined by Fr. Lasuen, who found the 

 natives friendly and ready to help. Sup- 

 plies and native assistants were sent from 

 the neighboring missions, especially Santa 

 Clara, and the mission was formally 

 founded Sept. 25, 1791, at the place where 

 is now situated the town of Santa Cruz, 

 Santa Clara co. At the end of the year 

 there were 84 neophytes. In 1792 there 

 were 224, and the highest number, 523, was 

 reached in 1796. In 1800 there were 492. 

 At this time the mission had 2,354 head 

 of cattle and horses, and 2,083 of small 

 stock, while the crop for the year amounted 

 to 4,300 bushels. The church, 30 by 112 

 ft and 25 ft high, with stone front, was 

 completed and dedicated in 1794. In 1797 

 a number of colonists arrived from INIex- 

 ico and settled just across the river Lo- 

 renzo from the mission. This settlement 

 caused the missionaries much trouble, 

 and seems to have demoralized the In- 

 dians. In 1798 the padre in charge was 

 much discouraged with the outlook and 

 reported that 138 neophytes had deserted. 

 He protested against the settlement, but 

 without effect. The number of neophytes 

 remained about the same for the next 20 

 years, being 507 in 1810, and 461 in 1820. 

 The livestock increased and the crops 

 continued good. In 1812 one of the fa- 

 thers was murdered by some of the neo- 

 phytes, who plead in defense that he was 

 excessively cruel, had flogged two of them 

 to death, and was inventing further instru- 

 ments of torture. In 1818 and 1819 there 

 was considerable friction between the 

 mission fathers and the authorities at 

 Brancifort, all but three of the neophytes 

 leaving the mission at onetime for fear of 

 attack. After 1820 the mission continued 

 prosperous, but the population decreased, 

 there being 320 neophytes in 1830, and 

 about 250 in 1834. The total number of 

 natives baptized up to that time was 

 2,216, of whom 939 were children. With- 

 in 4 years after its secularization most of 

 the property had disappeared. In 1839 

 there were 70 Indians reported at the 

 mission, with perhaps as many more scat- 

 tered in the district. In 1840 a number of 

 buildings were destroyed and the church 

 was injured by an earthquake. After 

 1842 the mission was regarded as a part 

 of Brancifort; the buildings had then en- 

 tirely disappeared. The Indians in the 

 neighborhood of the mission belong to 

 the Costanoan linguistic family. The 

 mission had neophytes from the follow- 

 ing villages, all in the present county of 

 Santa Cruz ( Taylor, Cal. Farmer, Apr. 5, 

 1860): Achilla, Aestaca, Agtism, Apil, 

 Aulintac, Chalunaii, Chanech, Chicutae, 



