BULL. 30] 



SANUKH SANYAKOAN 



463 



lage was on the Verdigris branch of the 

 Arkansas, 60 m. above its mouth, in the 

 present Oklahoma; in 1<S20 they were at 

 the mouth of the river, then numbering 

 600. When met by De Smet in 1850 

 their number was reported at 700. 



Arkansa band.— McGee in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 162, 

 1897. Arkansaw band.— Lewis and Clark Exped., 

 1, 8, 1814. Arkansaw Osages.— Pike, Trav., 430, 1811. 

 Big Track.- Schermerhorn (1812) in Ma.is. Hi.st. 

 Soc. Coll., 2d .s., II, 31, 1814 (name of a chief). 

 Chamers.— Brtlbi, Atlas Ethnog., .56, 1826. Chan- 

 cers.— Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., iii, 274, repr. 

 1905 (misprint). Chancers. — Long, Exped. Rdcky 

 Mts., II, 244. 1823. Chaniers band. — Brackenridge, 

 Views La., 293, 1815. Cheniers.— Do Smet, W. Miss., 

 355,1856. Qlamore. — KeaneinStanford, Compend., 

 470, 1878 (name of chief). Clermont's band. — 

 Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., Thwaite's ed., xvi, 

 280, 1905. Clermo's band.— Long, Exped. Rocky 

 Mts., II, 244, 1823. Osage des Chenes.— Long, ibid., 

 237. Osages of the Oaks. — Ibid. Santse'pasii'. — 

 Dorsey, Osage MS. vocnb., B. A. E., 1883 (their 

 ancient village: ' point of a timbered highland ' ). 

 gan-isu'-j[(5i°, — McGee, after Dorsey, in 15th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 162, 1897. Sanze-Ougrin.— De Smet, 

 loc. cit. 



Sanukh {Sdnux). A former Tonka wa 

 clan or band (Gatschet, Tonkawe MS. 

 vocab., B. A. E., 1884). Possibly the 

 Sana or Zana of mission archives. 



Sanup. See Sannup. 



San Xavier del Bac (the Jesuit mission 

 name, combined with the Piman bal; vak, 

 vdaki, its native designation, signifying 

 'house,' 'adobe house,' also 'ruined 

 house,' ' ruin ' : probably given because of 

 the remains of ancient adobe structures in 

 the vicinity ) . A former important Sobai- 

 puri rancheria on Rio SantaCruz, 9 m. s. of 

 Tucson, Ariz., in the n. e. corner of what 

 is now the Papago res. It was first vis- 

 ited and the Saint name applied in 1692 

 by Father Kino, a celebrated Jesuit, who 

 next visited it perhaps in 1694, again in 

 1697 (at which date it numbered 830 per- 

 sons in 1 76 houses ) , and many times there- 

 after. In 1700 he founded a church, built 

 of light porous stone, the construction of 

 which was possibly begun in the previous 

 year. In its earlier years the mission 

 flourished under the Jesuits, of whom 22 

 served San Xavier until 1767, when they 

 were succeeded by Franciscans. In 1751- 

 53, during a revolt of the Pima, the mis- 

 sion was plundered and abandoned, but 

 was reoccupied two years later under the 

 protection of the presidio of Tubac. Be- 

 tween 1760 and 1764 it contained 400 in- 

 habitants — less than half its population 

 60 years before — and these had dwindled 

 to 270 by 1772. When Fray Francisco 

 Garces, its first Franciscan missionary, 

 took charge in 1768 he found the mission 

 in a neglected state, but it again began to 

 flourish on the establishment of the pre- 

 sidio of Tucson in 1776. In 1783 the erec- 

 tion of a new church of plastered brick, 

 commodious and of architectural merit, 

 was begun by Padre Baltasar Cavillo near 

 the site of that built by Kino, and was 

 brought to its present state of complete- 

 ness by Padre Narciso Gutierres in 1797 — 



a date still legible over the portal. The 

 remains of these priests are buried in 

 the church.. In 1810 San Xavier again 

 began to decline, and came to an end 

 as an independent mission with the ex- 

 pulsion of the Franciscans on the fall of 

 the Colonial government, Dec. 2, 1827, 

 from which time it struggled along as a 

 visita of Magdalena, Sonora, until 1859, 

 when Arizona was segregated ecclesi- 

 astically from the diocese of Santa Fe, 

 N. Mex. In 1852 Bartlett described it as 

 "truly a miserable place, consisting of 

 from 80 to 100 huts, or wigwams, made of 

 mud or straw," but "in the midst of these 

 hovels stands the most beautiful church 

 in the State of Sonora." In 1865 the pop- 

 ulation was 80 Papago families. In the 

 preceding year a school was established 

 at San Xavier by the Catholic Church; 

 this contained 125 day pupils in 1908. In 

 1873 a Government school was begun, but 

 was closed in 1876 when the Papago were 

 consolidated under the Pima agency. It 

 is now a scattered but large and flourish- 

 ing Papago settlement. There are numer- 

 ous adobe houses, and the Indians are 

 advancing toward civilization. The peo- 

 ple are under the supervision of a white 

 farmer, who acts as subagent. A num- 

 ber of the San Xavier Papago within re- 

 cent years have settled in the outskirts 

 of Tucson. Consult Bartlett, Pers. Narr., 

 II, 185, 1854; Rudo Ensayo {ca. 1763), 

 1863; Salpointe, Brief Sketch, 1880; Ban- 

 croft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 1889; Coues, 

 Garces Diarv, 1900; Curtis, N. Am. Ind., 

 11,1908. ' (f. w. H.) 



Bac, — Bernal (1697) quoted bv Bancroft, Ariz, and 

 N. Mex., 3.56, 1889. Batosda.— Ibid, (or S. Javier). 

 San Javier del Bac— Bancroft, ibid., 362. San 

 Xabier del Bac— Kudo Ensavo (m. 1763), 106, 1863. 

 San Xavier de Baca.— Har.dv, Travels, 421, 1829. 

 San Xavier del Bac— Garces "(1775), Diary, 64, 1900. 

 San Xavier de Zac. — Poston in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1864, 

 154, 1865. San Zavier de Bac. — Donaldson, Moqui 

 Pueblo Inds., 3, 1893. S. Cayetano de Bac— 

 Writer of 1754 quoted by Bancroft, No. Mex. 

 States, I, 270, 1884 (confused with Tumacacori). 

 S. Francisco Xavier de Bac. — Venegas, Hist. Cal., 

 I, map, 1759. S. Javier.— Bernal (1697), op. cit. 

 S. JavierBac. — Kino, map(1701), in Bancroft, Ariz, 

 and N. Mex., 360, 1889. S. Javier del Bacel.— 

 Escudero, Not. Chihuahua, 228, 1834. S. Xaver 

 du Bac — Kino, map (1702), in Stocklein, Neue 

 Welt-Bott, 74, 1726. S. Xavier .—Font, map (1777), 

 in Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 393, 1889. S. 

 Xavier del Bac. — Villa-Senor, Theatro Am.,ii,403, 

 1748. 



Sanyakoan. A Tlingit tribe formerly in- 

 habiting a town named Gash, at C. Fox, 

 Alaska, and often confused with the neigh- 

 boring Tongas. Pop. 177 in 1839. In the 

 census of 1880 they are erroneously placed 

 on Prince of Wales id. , and are given a 

 population of 100. Their social divisions 

 are Nehadi and Tekoedi. (j. r. s.) 



Cape Fox Indians, — Kane, Wand, in N. A., app., 

 1859. Lugh-se-le. — Ibid. Lukhselee. — Petroff in 

 Tenth Census, Alaska. 37, 1884 (after a Hudson's 

 Bay Co. census of 1839). Sanakhanskoe. — Venia- 

 minoff, Zapiski, ii, pt. in, 30, 1840. Sa'nak-oan. — 

 Boas, 10th Rep. on N. W. Tribes of Can., 34, 1895. 

 Sla'nya koan. — Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904. 

 Ssangha-kon.— Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 120, 1886. 



