464 



SAONE SAPONI 



[b. a. e. 



Saone (probably the same as Sanona). 

 A division of the Teton Sioux, comprising 

 the Sans Arcs, Sihasapa, Oohenonpa, and 

 sometimes the Hunkpapa, first mentioned 

 by Lewis and Clark, and under the form 

 Souon-Teton in Clark's MS., where they 

 are called "people of the prairie" and 

 made one of the 12 tribes of the Dakota, 

 while the Souon are anotlier. Riggs in- 

 formed Dorsey that the name "Sanoni- 

 wicasa" was used as a nickname, and 

 wrote (Word Carrier, 14, June-July, 1889) 

 that the Brules and Oglala formerly ap- 

 plied it to the Sans Arcs, Miniconjou, and 

 Hunkpapa. Lewis and Clark did not in- 

 clude the Miniconjou, but included the 

 rest of the Teton found along Missouri r. 

 except the Brules and Oglala, and esti- 

 mated them at 300 men, or 900 souls — 

 three-tenths of the whole. There was a 

 Sangona, or Sahown, band of the Hunk- 

 patina, with which they have been con- 

 fused (see Coues in Lewis and Clark 

 Exped., I, 101, note, 1897). The Hunk- 

 papa were probably not counted as Saone 

 proper by Lewis, for in his table (Discov., 

 34, 1806) he distinguishes from these the 

 Saone Hunkpapa. The Saone, under the 

 name Sioune, joined the Oglala in the 

 treaty with the United States at the mouth 

 of Teton r. , S. Dak. , July 5, 1825. As the 

 "Siounes of the Fire-hearts band" are 

 mentioned and the Hunkpapa are not, it 

 is probable the latter were not included 

 under the term Sioune. 



Sahohes. — McKenneyand Hall, Ind. Tribes, in, 81, 

 1854. Sa-hone.— Braekenridge, Views La., 78, 

 1815. Sah-o-ne. — Lewis and Clark, Discov., 34, 

 1806. Sahonies.— Bradbury, Trav., 90, 1817. 

 Saones.— Sen. Ex. Doc. 90, 22d Cong., 1st sess., 63, 

 1832. Saoynes,— De Smet, Letters, 37, note, 1843. 

 Sawons. — Ind. Aff. Rep., 471, 1838. Scione Sioux. — 

 H. R. Ex. Doe. 2, 18th Cong., 1st sess., 68, 1823. See- 

 oo-nay.— Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 69, 1850 

 (pronunciation). Sioane. — Ramsey, ibid., 84. 

 Siones.— H. R. Ex. Doc. 117, 19th Cong., 1st sess., 

 6,1826. Sionne.— Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 

 85, 1850. Sioune.— Treaty of 1825 in U. S. Ind. 

 Treat., 339, 1826. Siouones.— Sen. Ex. Doc. 56, 18th 

 Cong., 1st sess., 9, 1824. Siowes. — Parker quoted 

 by M'Vickar, Hist. Exped. Lewis and Clark, i, 86, 

 note, 1842. Souon.— Clark, MS., codex B, Amer. 

 Philos. Soc, 67. Souon-Teton.— Ibid. Sowans. — 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 59, 1842. Tetans Saone.— Ramsey 

 in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 85, 18.50. Te'-ton-sah-o-ne'.— 

 Lewis and CJark, Discov., 30, 1806. Teton Saone. — 

 Ibid., 34. Tetons Sahone.— Lewis, Trav., 171, 1809. 

 Tetons Saone.— Lewis and Clark Exped., I, 61, 

 1814. 



Saone Hunkpapa. A part of the Hunk- 

 papa Sioux. 



Sah-o-ne-hont-a-par-par. — Lewis and Clark, Dis- 

 cov., table, 34, 1806. Sanoni -Hunkpapa. — Riggs in 

 Word Carrier, 14, June-July, 1889. 



Saopuk {S'dopilk, 'many trees'). A 

 Pima village at The Cottonwoods, on 

 Gila r., s. Ariz. 



S'a'opuk.— Russell in 26th Rep. B. A. E., 23, 1908. 

 Saufpak.— ten Kate quoted bv Gatschet, MS., B. 

 A. E., XX, 199, 1888 (trans, 'cottonwoods'). 



Sapa Chitto ( Osapa chitto, ' big corn 

 field'). A former large Choctaw settle- 

 ment about Dixon, Neshoba CO., Miss. — 

 Halbert in Pub. Miss. Hist. Soc, vi, 432, 

 1902. 



Sapala. A mission village, perhaps on 

 Sapelo id., coast of Georgia, which was 

 one of those revolting against the Span- 

 iards of Florida in 1687. — Barcia, Ensayo, 

 287, 1723. 



Sapaqnonil, A Chumashan village for- 

 merly on Jimeno's rancho, Ventura co., 

 Cal.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, May 4, 1860. 



Sapaywis. A former Salinan village 

 connected with San Antonio mission, 

 Monterey co., Cal. — Taylor in Cal. Far- 

 mer, Apr. 27, 1860. 



Sapechichic ('place of bats'). A small 

 rancheria of the Tarahumare, not far from 

 Norogachic, Chihuahua, Mexico. — Lum- 

 holtz, inf'n, 1894. 



Sapeessa. A former Choctaw town on 

 the N. side of Black Water cr., Kemper 

 CO., Miss., apparently about midway be- 

 tween Shomotakali and the branch emp- 

 tying into Black Water known as Mineral 

 Spring branch. Its exact location has 

 not been identified. — Halbert in Pub. 

 Miss. Hist. Soc, vi, 416, 1902. 

 Sapa-Fesah. — Romans, Florida, 309, 1775. Sapees- 

 sa. — West Florida map, ca. 1775. 



Sapelek. A Chumashan village for- 

 merly near Santa Ines mission, Santa 

 Barbara co., Cal. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, 

 May 4, 1860. 



Sapohanikan (Delaware: Awasopodk'dnl- 

 chan, 'over against the pipe-making place,' 

 i. e., Hoboken, a remnant of the native 

 name Hopodkdnhaklng, 'at the tobacco- 

 pipe land ' ). Hoboken was the outlet for 

 peltries collected in the interior by the 

 Indians, who took them in their canoes 

 directly across the river and landed with 

 them in a cove north of "Sapokanichan 

 Point," near the present Gansevoort st.. 

 New York city. The adjoining land was 

 not the site of an Indian village. Van 

 T wilier purchased a tract in the vicinity 

 and established on it a tobacco plantation, 

 with buildings inclosed in a stockade, and 

 called his Dutch settlement "Sapokani- 

 kan." See Ruttenber, Ind. Geog. Names, 

 17, 1906. (w. R. Cx. ) 



Sapohanikan.— Hall (1639) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 

 XIV, 19, 1883. Sapokanikan,— Van Tienhoven 

 (1641), ibid., 35. Saponickan.— Ibid., 27. Sappo- 

 kanican. — Deed of 1640, ibid. 



Saponi. One of the eastern Siouan 

 tribes, formerly living in North Carolina 

 and Virginia, but now extinct. The tribal 

 name was occasionally applied to the 

 whole group of Ft Christanna tribes, also 

 occasionally included under Tutelo. That 

 this tribe belonged to the Siouan stock has 

 been placed beyond doubt by the investi- 

 gations of Hale and Mooney. Their lan- 

 guage appears to have been the same as 

 the Tutelo to the extent that the people 

 of the two tribes could readily understand 

 each other. Mooney has shown that the 

 few Saponi words recorded are Siouan. 



Lederer mentions a war in which the 

 Saponi seem to have been engaged with 

 the Virginia settlers as early as 1654-56, 



