BULL. 30] 



SAPPONET SARACAOHI 



465 



the time of the attack by the Cherokee, 

 probably in alliance with them. The 

 first positive notice is by Lederer (1670), 

 who informs us that he stopped a few 

 days at Sapon, a town of the Tutelo con- 

 federacy, situated on a tributary of the 

 upper Roanoke. This village was ap- 

 parently on Otter r., s. w. of Lynch- 

 burg, Va. Pintahae is mentioned also as 

 another of their villages near by. It is 

 evident that the Saponi and Tutelo were 

 living at that time in close and apparently 

 confederated relation. In 1671 they were 

 visited by Thomas Batts and others ac- 

 companied by two Indian guides. After 

 traveling nearly due w. from the mouth 

 of the Appomattox about 140 m., they 

 came to Sapong, or Saponys, town. Hav- 

 ing been harassed by the Iroquois in this 

 locality, the Saponi and Tutelo at a later 

 date removed to the junction of Staunton 

 and Dan rs., where they settled near the 

 Occaneechi, each tribe occupying an 

 island in the Roanoke in what is now 

 Mecklenburg CO., Va. Lawson, who vis- 

 ited these Indians in 1701, found them 

 dwelling on Yadkin r., N. C, near the 

 present site of Salisbury, having removed 

 to the s. to escape the attacks of their ene- 

 mies. Byrd (1729) remarks: "They dwelt 

 formerly not far below the mountains, 

 upon Yadkin r., about 200 miles west 

 and by south from the falls of Roanoak. 

 But about 25 years ago they took refuge 

 in Virginia, being no longer in condition 

 to make head not only against the north- 

 ern Indians, who are their implacable 

 enemies, but also against most of those 

 to the south. All the nations round 

 about, bearing in mind the havock these 

 Indians used formerly to make among 

 their ancestors in the insolence of their 

 power, did at length avenge it home upon 

 them, and made them glad to apply to 

 this Government for protection." 



Soon after Lawson's visit in 1701 the 

 Saponi and Tutelo left their villages on 

 the Yadkin and moved in toward the 

 settlements, being joined on the way by 

 the Occaneechi and their allied tribes. 

 Together they crossed the Roanoke, evi- 

 dently before the Tuscarora war of 1711, 

 and made a new settlement, called Sapona 

 Town, a short distance e. of that river 

 and 15 m. w. of the present Windsor, 

 Bertie co., N. C. Soon after this they 

 and other allied tribes were located by 

 Gov. Spotswood near Ft Christanna, 10 

 m. N. of Roanoke r., about the present 

 Gholsonville, Brunswick co., Va. The 

 name of Sappony cr., in Dinwiddie co., 

 dating back at least to 1733, indicates that 

 they sometimes extended their excursions 

 N. of Nottoway r. Their abode here was 

 not one of quiet, as they were at war with 

 neighboring tribes or their old enemies, 

 the Iroquois. By the treaty at Albany 



(1722) peace was declared between the 

 northern Indians and the Virginia and 

 Carolina tribes, the Blue Ridge and the 

 Potomac being the boundary line. Proba- 

 bly about 1740 the Saponi and Tutelo 

 went N., stopping for a time at Shamokin, 

 in Pennsylvania, about the site of Sun- 

 bury, where they and other Indians 

 were visited by the missionary David 

 Brainard in 1745. In 1753 the Cayuga 

 formally adopted the Saponi and Tutelo, 

 who thus became a part of the Six 

 Nations, though all had not then removed 

 to New York. In 1765 the Saponi are 

 mentioned as having .30 warriors living 

 at Tioga, about Sayre, Pa., and other 

 villages on the northern branches of the 

 Susquehanna. A part remained here 

 until 1778, but in 1771 the principal por- 

 tion had their village in the territory of 

 the Cayuga, about 2 m. s. of what is now 

 Ithaca, N. Y. When the Tutelo fled to 

 Canada, soon after 1779, they parted with 

 the Saponi (Hale was informed by the 

 last of the Tutelo) at Niagara, but what 

 became of them afterward is not known. 

 It appears, however, from a treaty made 

 with the Cayuga at Albany in 1780 that a 

 remnant was still living with this tribe 

 on Seneca r. in Seneca co., N. Y., after 

 which they disappear from history. Con- 

 sult Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East, 

 Bull. B. A. E., 1894; Bushnell in Am. 

 Anthr., ix, 45-46, 1907, and the authori- 

 ties cited below. (.i. m. ) 



Paanese. — Cavuga treaty, Albany, 1789, quoted 

 by Hall, N. W. States, 70, 1849. Sapenys.— Batts, 

 Jour. (1671), in Am. Anthr., 1X,47, 1907. Sapiny. — 

 Ibid., 46. Sapon, — Lederer, Discov., 2, map, 

 1672. Sapona.— Martin, N. Car., i, 253, 1829. 

 Saponas.— Lawson (1701), Hist. Car., f~2, ls60. 

 Saponees.— Knight (1712) in N. Car. Rec, i, 866, 

 18S6. Sapones.— Croghan, Jour. (1765), 36, 1831. 

 Saponeys.— Johnson (1763) in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., VII, 682, 1856. Sapongs.— Batts (1671), ibid., 

 Ill, 194, 1853. Saponi,— Byrd (1728), Hist. Divid- 

 ing Line, i, 75, 1866. Saponie. — Spotswood 

 (1711) quoted by Burk, Virginia, in, 89, 1805. 

 Saponys.— Batts, Jour. (1671), in Am. Anthr., i.x, 

 47, 1907. Sapbonies. — Hutching (1768) in Jefferson, 

 Notes, 142, 1825. Sappona.— Pollock (1712) in N. 

 Car. Rec, i, 884, 1886. Sapponces. — Albany conf. 

 (1717) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., v, 490,1855. Sap- 

 ponees. — N. Car. council (1727) in N. Car. Rec, ii, 

 674, 1886. Sapponeys.— Doc. of 1709 in Va. State 

 Papers, l, 131, 1875. Sapponi.— Burk, Hist. Vir- 

 ginia, III, 17, 1805. Sapponie.— N. Car. Council 

 (1726) in N. Car. Rec, II, 643. 1886 (town). Sap- 

 pony.— N. Car. Council (1727), ibid., 674. Saps.— 

 Lawson (1701), Hist. Car., 89, 1860. 



Sapponet. A former village connected 

 with San Carlos mission, Cal., and said 

 to have been Esselen. 

 Sepponet.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860. 



Saptuui (Saph'-tu-u'-i) . A former Chu- 

 mashan village in the interior of Ventura 

 CO., Cal., at a place called El Conejo. — 

 Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1884. 



Saquerisera. See Sequareesere. 



Saracachi. A Eudeve pueblo of Sonora, 

 Mexico, with 31 inhabitants in 1730; 

 situated near the present Cucurpe. The 



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