BULL. 30] 



8ATTC0N SAUK 



471 



San Laida. — Browne, Apache Country, 291, 1869 

 (misquoting Poston). Sou Saida. — Poston in Ind. 

 Aff. Rep. lSt)3, 385, 1864. 



Saucon. A former village, presumably 

 Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis- 

 sion, San Francisco, Cal. — Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Sangahatchi (sauga 'gourd', hatchi 

 ' creek ' ) . A former Ujiper Creek town on 

 an E. branch of Tallapoosa r., 10 m. be- 

 low Eufaula, Ala., probably in Talladega 

 or Clav CO. 



Sauga riatchi.—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 143, 

 1884. Sogahatches.— Swan (1791) in Sclioolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, v, 262, 185.5. Sougahatchee.— Campbell 

 (1836) in H. K, Doc. 274, 25tli Cong., 2d sess., 20, 

 1838. Sou-go-hat-che.— Hawkins (1779), Sketch, 

 49, 1848. Sowgahatcha.— H. R. Doc. 274, 25th 

 Cong., 2d sess., 152, 1838. Sow ga hatch cha. — Par- 

 sons (1833) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 678, 

 1854. 



Saugiesta. A tribe named by Le Sueur 

 in 1700 as about the L. Superior region; 

 possibly the Sauk, but thought by Shea 

 to be the Saulteurs, i. e., the Chippewa. 

 Sanglestas. — Le Sueur (1700) as quoted by Shea, 

 Early Vov., 92, 1861. Saugiestas, — Le Sueur as 

 quoted by Neill, Minn., 1.54, 18.58. 



Saugus ('small outlet.' — Hewitt). A 

 former village near Lynn, p]ssex co., Mass. 

 It seems to have belonged to the Massa- 

 chuset, but may have been Pennacook. 

 The chief of Saugus ruled also the Indi- 

 ans at Marblehead. 



Ca-wgust,— Josselyu(1675) inMass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 3ds.,iii,322, 1833. Sagus.—Humfrey (1630), ibid., 

 4th s., VI, 10, 1863. Sagust.— Peter (1639), ibid., 

 VII, 202, 1865. Sangut.— Josselyn (1675), ibid., 3d 

 s., Ill, 322, 1833. Saugus.— Prince (1631), ibid., 2d 

 s., VII, 31, 1818. Saugust.— Williams {en. 1638), 

 ibid., 4th s., vi, 2.52, 1863. Sawgus.— Prince (1631), 

 ibid., 2d s., vii, 33, 1818. 



Sauk ( Osd'kiwug, 'people of the outlet,' 

 or, possibly, 'people of the yellow earth,' 

 in contradistinction from the Muskwaki- 

 wuk, 'Red Earth People', a name of the 

 Foxes). One of a number of -Algonquian 

 tribes whose earliest known habitat was 

 embraced within the eastern peninsula of 

 Michigan, the other tribes being the Pot- 

 awatomi, the "Nation of the Fork," and 

 probably the famous Mascoutens and the 

 Foxes. The present name of Saginaw 

 bay {SdgincVwe', signifying 'the country 

 or place of the Sauk') is apparently de- 

 rived from the ethnic appellative Sauk. 

 There is presumptive evidence that the 

 Sauk, with the tribes mentioned above, 

 were first known to Europeans under 

 the general ethnic term ' ' Gens de Feu ' ' 

 or that of " Asistagueronon," the latter 

 being the Huron translation of the spe- 

 cific name Potawatomi, both the terms 

 in question being first recorded by Cham- 

 plain and Sagard. In 1616 Cham plain, 

 while in what is now Ontario, learned 

 from the Tionontati, or Tobacco Nation, 

 that their kindred, the Neutral Nation, 

 aided the Ottawa (Cheueux releuez) in 

 waging war against the Gens de Feu, i. e. 

 'People of the Fire,' and that the Ottawa 

 carried on a warfare against "another na- 

 tion of savages who were called Asista- 



gueronon, which is to say, ' People of the 

 Place of the Fire,' " who were distant from 

 the Ottawa 10 days' journey; and lastly, 

 in more fully describing the country, 

 manners, and customs of the Ottawa, he 

 added, "In the first place, they wage war 

 against another nation of savages who are 

 called Asistagueronon, which is to say, 

 ' people of the fire,' distant from them 10 

 days' journey." He supplemented this 

 statement with the remark that "they 

 pressed me strongly to assist them against 

 their enemies, who are on the shore of the 

 Mer Douce [Lake Huron], distant 200 

 leagues." Sagard, w^ho was in Canada 

 during the years 1623-26, wrote in his 

 Histoire du Canada (i, 194, ed. 1866), 

 that the sedentary and the migratory 

 Ottawa together waged war against the 

 Asistagueronon, who were 9 or 10 days' 

 journey by canoe from the Ottawa, a 

 distance which he estimated at ' ' about 

 200 leagues and more of travel." 



Before the Sauk became known as an 

 independent tribe, it is evident that they 

 formed a part of this group of important 

 Algonquian communities, which was 

 called by the Hurons and cognate peo- 

 ples "Asistagueronon," and by the 

 French, "Nation or People of the Fire," 

 a translation of the former appella- 

 tive. In order therefore to understand 

 clearly the ethnic relations of the Sauk, 

 it will be necessary to review the earliest 

 known facts relating to this interesting 

 group of tribes. So far as known, the 

 Sauk were first mentioned independently 

 in the Jesuit Relation for 1640 (35, ed. 

 1858) under the generic Huron name 

 Hvattoehronon, i. e. 'people of the sun- 

 set,' or briefly, 'westerners.' They were 

 here mentioned among a number of 

 other tribes along with the Foxes (Sken- 

 chiohronon), the Potawatomi (Attistaeh- 

 ronon), the Kickapoo (Ontarahronon, 

 'lake people'), the Mascoutens (Ohero- 

 kouaehronon, 'people of the place of 

 grass'), the Winnebago ( Aoueatsiouaenh- 

 ronon, 'saline or brackish water people'), 

 and the Crane band of the Miami (Atto- 

 chingochronon) . The following citations 

 from the Jesuit Relations embody some 

 of the evidence that the Sauk, the Pota- 

 watomi (q. v.), and the Nation of the 

 Fork, were generally comprised in the 

 Huron ethnic appellative Asistaguero- 

 non, i. e. 'People of the Place of Fire,' 

 which is the literal signification of the 

 tribal name Potawatomi. 



Father Allouez, the first person to de- 

 scribe the Sauk, wrote in 1667 that they 

 were more savage than all the other 

 peoples he had met; that they were a 

 populous tribe, although they had no 

 fixed dwelling place, being w'anderers 

 and vagabonds in the forests. He was 

 told that if they or the Foxes found a 



