BULL. :io] 



SCAROUADY SCATICOOK 



485 



much less common than the medicinal, 

 was practised principally for the purpose 

 of inuring young men to suffering; while 

 emotional scarification was observed, 

 especially among some of the tribes of 

 the plains, of the n.w. coast, and Cali- 

 fornia, by both men and women on the 

 death of "a spouse or other near relative. 

 Cosmetic scarifying, allied to tattooing 

 and probably of ceremonial origin, is re- 

 ported from among the Tlingit of the n. 

 Pacific coast. 



The instruments used for scarification 

 were sharp objects, such as knives, arrow- 

 points, chips of stone or obsidian (and 

 later of glass), thorns, porcupine quills, 

 shells, awls, teeth, and finally objects of 

 metal, the material of the implement 

 being determined by the available sup- 

 ply. In excepticmal cases the scarifying 

 instrument was of symbolic significance. 



Probably all the Indians by whom 

 medicinal scarification was practised 

 recognized the difference between merely 

 scarifying the skin and opening a vein, the 

 latter treatment also being given in some 

 localities. When wliite phj'sicians first 

 went among the Indians they were often 

 asked to employ bleeding, in the belief 

 that it was of general benefit in almost all 

 cases of illness. Following the scarifica- 

 tion, wlien the blood ceased to flow the 

 wound was usually covered with a sub- 

 stance believed to facilitate healing. On 

 rare occasions the flow of blood from the 

 incision was accelerated by sucking. 



Consult Bancroft, Native Races, 1874- 

 75; Bossu, Travels, ii, 24-25, 1771; Cham- 

 plain, (Euvres, in, 191, 1870; Cox, Adven- 

 tures, I, 248, 1831; Harmon, Journal, 182, 

 1820; Hrdlicka in Bull. 34, B. A. E., 

 1908; Hunter, Captivity, 1823; Jesuit 

 Relations, Thwaites ed., 1896-1901; 

 Lafitau, M(j2urs des Sauvages Ameri- 

 quains, ii, 1724; Lahontan, New Voy., 

 II, 1703; LaPerouse, Voy., ii, 223, 1797; 

 Le INIoyne, Narr., Boston ed., 8, 1875; 

 Rush, "Enquiry into Nat. Hist. Med. 

 among Ind., 30, 1774; Yarrow in 1st 

 Rep. B. A. E.,1881. 



Scarouady {Skaron'Md^cW, 'ontheother 

 side of the sky.' — Hewitt). An Oneida 

 chief, sometimes called Half-King, who 

 came into prominence about the middle 

 of the 18th century. He was known among 

 the Delawares as ^lonacatuatha, or Mona- 

 kadnto. He is mentioned as early as 1 748, 

 and in 1753 was present at the Carlisle 

 treaty. The following year he succeeded 

 Half-King Scruniyatha in t)ie direction of 

 affairs at Aughwick, Pa. (Pa. Archiv., 1st 

 s., II, 114, 1853), whither he removed 

 from liOgstown to escape the influence 

 of the French. On Jan. 7, 1754, he was 

 in Philadelphia, on his way to the Six 

 Natioj;s with a message from the Gov- 

 ernor of Virginia, and also by the desire 



of the Indians of Pennsylvania to ask the 

 former to send deputies to a conference 

 with the Governor. He was with Brad- 

 dock at the time of his defeat, having 

 made in the preceding ]\layaspeech to the 

 Indians at Ft Cumberland urging them 

 to join Braddock in his expetlition. In 

 1756 he seems to have been attending 

 conferences and making speeches, mostly 

 in behalf of j)eaceful measures, in some 

 of these efforts being joined by Andrew 

 Montour (q. v. ) . One of his speeches was 

 made July 1, 1756, at the conference of 

 the Six Nations with Sir William Johnson 

 in behalf of the Shawnee and Delawares 

 (N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vir, 148, 1856). 

 Mention is made in the same year of his 

 son who had been taken prisoner by the 

 French and afterward released, and who 

 soon thereafter visited and conferred with 

 Johnson. Scarouady was a firm friend 

 of the English colonists, and as strong an 

 enemy of the French. He was an orator 

 of considerable ability, and was the lead- 

 ing speaker at the numerous conferences 

 he attended. His home was on the Ohio 

 r. in w. Pennsylvania, where he exercised 

 jurisdiction over the western tribes simi- 

 lar to that of Shikellimay over those in 

 central Pennsylvania. (c. t. ) 



Scaticook. (Properly P'skn'tikuk, 'at 

 the river fork,' here referring to the 

 junction of Ten-mile and Housatonic rs. 

 According to Eunice Mahwee, an aged 

 Scaticook woman, in 1859, a corruption 

 of Mohegan Fiahgachtikuk, with the same 

 meaning. ) An Indian settlement and 

 reservation on Housatonic r., a few miles 

 below the present Kent, Litchfield co., 

 Conn. It was established by Gideon 

 Mauwehu or Mahwee, a Pequot Indian 

 from the lower Housatonic, who, about 

 the year 1730, removed with a few fol- 

 lowers to the present Dover Plains, N. Y., 

 but within a year or two again removed 

 a few miles farther e. and established 

 himself on the Housatonic. Here he in- 

 vited his old friends of the broken tribes 

 lower down the river to join him, and 

 they did so in considerable numbers, call- 

 ing the new settlement Scaticook. They 

 were chiefly of the Paugusset, Uncowa, 

 and Potatuc tribes. In 1743 the Mora- 

 vians, who were at work among the 

 neighboring Mahican of New York, es- 

 tablished a missiiin at Scaticook, which 

 at one time had about 150 baptized con- 

 verts, but in consequence of ditticulties 

 with the white settlers the missions both 

 here and at Shecomeco, of the Mahican 

 tribe, were discontinued in 1746, and 

 the missionaries with many of the con- 

 verts removed to Pennsylvania. Those 

 from Scaticook wasted by disease in the 

 new location, in consequence of which 

 most of the survivors soon returned to 

 their former settlement; but the mission 



