488 



SCHOENBEUNN SCHONCHIN 



[b. a. e. 



Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 41, 1872. Schotack.— 

 Livingston (1678) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,xiii, 

 515, 1881. Schotax.— Doc. of 1<)77 cited by Rutten- 

 ber, Ind. Geog. Names, 69, 1906. 



Schoenbrunn (Ger. : 'beautiful spring'). 

 A Moravian town, of Munsee Indians, 

 situated about 2 ni. below the site of New 

 Philadelphia, Ohio. Zeisberger went 

 from the station (Friedensstadt), on 

 Beaver r., Pa., to Tuscarawas r., where 

 the three stations of Schoenbrunn, Gna- 

 denhuetten, and Salem were established. 

 The ]\Ioravian Indians moved from the 

 Beaver to these villages in 1773. The 

 first meetinghouse and schoolhouse in 

 the present state of Ohio were built at 

 this station, which was also the birth- 

 place of the first white child born within 

 the state. The Indian village was a 

 prosperous settlement. The Revolution 

 brought these villages on the line be- 

 tween the British at Detroit and the 

 Americans at Ft Pitt. In Aug. 1781 

 De Peyster, the commander at Detroit, 

 becoming convinced that these In- 

 dians were giving information of the 

 British movements, sent Capt. IMatthew 

 Elliott n'ith a party of Wyandot, Dela- 

 wares, and Shawnee, and a small band 

 of French-Canadians, to remove these 

 Indians to Sandusky, a task which they 

 performed with great harshness, the 

 Indians being robbed of nearly every- 

 thing they had. When the Moravians 

 were massacred at Gnadenhnetten (q. v.) 

 in Mar. 1782, the village at Schoenbrunn 

 was burned by the same troop of Penn- 

 sylvanians under Col. Williamson. 

 There was also a small settlement on the 

 opposite side of the river called New 

 Schoenbrunn, which was established in 

 1779 and destroved in 1782. Consult 

 Loskiel, Hist. Missions, pt. 3, 177-182, 

 1794; Butterfield, Washington-Irvine 

 Corr., 100-102, 1882; Archives Pa., ix, 

 523-525,1854. (g.p.d. ) 



Schoenbrunn.— Loskiel, Hist. Miss. United Breth., 

 pt. 3, 75, 1794. Schonbrunn.— Howe, Hist. Coll. 

 Ohio, II, 691, 1896. Shoenbrun.— Harris, Tour, 134, 

 1805. Weelhick Thuppek. — Connolley, Hecke- 

 welder's Narr., 233, 1907 (Delaware translation of 

 German name), 



Schoharie ( ' the driftwood ' , or ' the float- 

 ing driftwood.' — Hewitt). A Mohawk 

 village formerly near the present Scho- 

 harie, Schoharie co., N. Y. 

 Fort Kouari.— Document ca. 1758 in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., X, 676, 1S58 (fort). Schoaries.— Goldthwait 

 (1766) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., l.st s., x, 121, 1809. 

 Schohare.— Johnson (17.=i6) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 

 VII, 91, 1856. Schoharie.— Tryon (1774), ibid., VIli, 

 451, 1857. Schoherie.— Johnson (1757), ibid., VII, 

 278, 18.56. Schohery.— Zeisberger MS. (1750) quoted 

 by Conover. MS. Kan. and Geneva. Scohare. — 

 John.son (1763) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist, vii, 582, 

 18.56. Scoharee.— Ft Johnson Conference (1756), 

 ibid., 105. Scoharies. — John.son (1747), ibid., VI, 

 361, 1S.55. Sko-har'-le. — Morgan, League Iroq., 473, 

 1851 (correct form). 



Schoherage. A former Iroquois village, 

 apparently under Oneida jurisdiction, sit- 

 uated, according to the Brion de la Tour 



map, 1781, on the w. bank of the e. 

 branch of Susquehanna r., below Tusko- 

 kogie. This is probably an error for Che- 

 nango r. in New York. 



Schohorage. A former Iroquois village, 

 placed on the w. bank of the Susque- 

 hanna, a short distance above Oquaga 

 (q. v.), in New York. — Esnauts and Rap- 

 illy Map, 1777. 



Schonchin. The recognized head-chief 

 of the Modoc at the time of the Modoc 

 war of 1872-73. In 1846 the ]Modoc 

 numbered 600 warriors, governed by 

 Schonchin, whose authority seems even 

 then to have been disputed on the 

 ground that he was not an hereditary 

 chief. He took an active part in the 

 early hostilities between the Modoc and 

 the whites, and admitted that he did all 

 in his power to exterminate his enemies. 

 Hostilities were continued at intervals 

 until 1864, when a treaty was made with 

 the Modoc by the provisions of which 

 they agreed to go on a reservation with 

 the Klamath Indians. At this council 

 the Modoc were represented by Schon- 

 chin and his younger brother, known as 

 Schonchin John. To the credit of the 

 old chief it is said that after signing the 

 treaty no act of his deserved censure. 

 He went with his people on the land 

 allotted to them, ancl at the time of the 

 outbreak under Kintpuash (q. v.), or 

 Captain Jack, remained quietly on the 

 reservation in charge of his peaceful 

 tribesmen. His brother John, following 

 Captain Jack, withdrew from the reser- 

 vation and took up his abode on Lost r., 

 the former home of the tribe. The old 

 chief made every effort to induce Jack to 

 return, but the latter steadfastly refused, 

 on the ground that he could not live in 

 peace with the Klamath. In order to 

 remove every obstacle to the return of 

 the fugitives, the reservation was divided 

 into distinct agencies, a district being set 

 apart exclusively for the Modoc. To this 

 new home old Schonchin was removed 

 with his people, and a portion of Captain 

 Jack's band took up their abode with 

 him. The rest, including Schonchin 

 John, fled to the lava beds, and from this 

 stronghold waged a destructive war. It 

 is believed that Schonchin John, more 

 than any other member of the tribe, was 

 influential in keeping up the strife. He 

 repeatedly advised continuing the fight 

 when Jack would have made peace, and 

 he is considered responsible for many of 

 the inhuman acts committed. In 1873 a 

 peace commission was appointed to deal 

 with the Indians, and a meeting with 

 them was arranged for April 11. To this 

 meeting the Indians agreed to send a 

 number of men e(]ual to that of the com- 

 mission, and that all should go unarmed. 



