BDLL. 30] 



SEMINOLE 



501 



from Florida for the W., but at the cost 

 of the lives of nearly 1,500 American 

 trooijsand the expenditureof $20,000,000. 

 One incident was the massacre of Maj. 

 F. L. Dade's command of 100 men, only 

 one man escaping alive. The Seminole 

 negroes took an active part throughout 

 the war. 



Those removed to Oklahoma were sub- 

 sequently organized into the "Seminole 

 Nation," as one of the so-called Five 

 Civilized Tribes. In general condition 



SEMINOLE MAN (macCAULEy) 



and advancement they are about on a 

 level with their neighbors and kinsmen 

 of the Creek Nation. In common with 

 the other tribes they were party to the 

 agreement for the opening of their lands 

 to settlement, and their tribal govern- 

 ment came to an end in Mar. 190H. In 

 1908 they were reported officially to 

 number 2,138, largely mixed with negro 

 blood, in addition to 986 ''Seminole 

 freedmen." A refugee band of Semi- 

 nole, or, more properly, Seminole ne- 



groes, is also on the Mexican side of the 

 Rio Grande in the neighborhood of 

 Eagle Pass, Texas. 



The Seminole still residing in the s. 

 part of Florida, othciallv estimated at 358 

 in 1900, but reduced to about 275 in 1908, 

 remain nearly in tlieir original condition. 

 Within the last few years the Govern- 

 ment has taken steps to secure to them a 

 small permanent reservation to include 

 their principal settlements. In general 

 characteristics they resemble the Creeks, 

 from whom they have descended. The 

 best account oi' their present status is 

 that of MacCauley in the 5th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 1887. Consult also Bartram, Travels, 

 ed. 1792; Dimock in Collier's Weekly, 

 Oct. 17, 1908; Fairbanks, Florida, 1901; 

 Gatschet, Creek INligr. Leg., i, ii, 1884-88; 

 Sprague, Hist. Fla. War, 1848. 



Their towns and bands were Ahapopka, 

 Ahosulga, Alachua, Alatiers, Alapaha, 

 Alligator, Alouko, Apukasasocha, Asa- 

 palaga, Attapulgas, Beech Creek, Big 

 Cypress Swamp, Big Hammock, Bow- 

 legs' Town, Backer Woman's Town, 

 Burges Town, Calusahatchee, Capola, 

 Catfish Lake, Chefixico's Old Town, 

 Chetuckota, Chiaha, Chicnchatti, Choco- 

 nikla, Chohalaboohhulka, Chokoukla, 

 Coe Hadjo's Town, Cohowofooclie, Cow 

 Creek, Cuscowilla, Etanie, Etotulga, Fish- 

 eating Creek, Fowl Town, Hatchcala- 

 mocha, Hiamonee, Hitchapuksassi, . 

 Hitchitipusy, Homosassa, John Hicks' 

 Town, Jolee, Lochchiocha, J^oksa- 

 chumpa, JMcQueen's Village, Miami 

 River, Mikasuki, Mosquito Indians, Mu- 

 latto Girl's Town, Negro Town, New 

 Mikasuky, Notasulgar, Ochisialgi, Ochu- 

 ceulga, Ochnpocrassa, Ocilla, Oclackona- 

 yahe, Ociawaha, Ohathtokhouchy, Oke- 

 humpkee, Oktahatke, Oi)onays, Owassis- 

 sas, Payne's Town, PeaCh'eek Band, Pico- 

 lata, Pilaklikaha, Pilatka,Phillimees, Fin- 

 der Town, Red Town, Sampala, Santa Fe, 

 Sarasota, Seccherpoga, Seleuxa, Sitarky, 

 Spanawatka, Suwanee, Talahassee, Talofa 

 Okhase, Taluachapko-apopka, Tattowhe- 

 hallys, Tnctoethla, Tohopekaliga, Toloa- 

 wathla, To]ionanaulka, Totstalahoeetska, 

 Tuckagulga, Tuslalahockaka, Wacahoota, 

 Wakasassa, Wasupa, Wechotookme, 

 Weechitokha, Welika, Wewoka, Willa- 

 noucha, Withlacoochee, Withlacoochee- 

 talofa, Withlako, Yalacasooche, Yalaka, 

 Yolanar, Yumersee ( Yamasee ) . ( J. m. ) 



Ikanafaskalgi.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 66, 

 1884 ('people of the pointed land': Creek name, 

 from Ikan-f('i.'<ki. 'the pointed land,' referring to 

 Florida peninsula; a/g*'people'). Ikaniuksalgi. — 

 Ibid. ('Peninsula people.' own name, from 

 ikana 'land,' in-yijksa 'itspiint, i. e. point of 

 land, or peninsula'). Ishti semoli. — Krinton, 

 Florida Penin., 1-4.5, 18.59. Isti simanole.— Gatschet, 

 Creek Migr. Leg., i. 66, 1884 ( = ' separatist,' ' run- 

 nwav'). Isty-semole.— Gallatin in Trans. Am. 

 Anti'(). 8oc., II, 94. is;?6 (improperly translated 

 'wild men'). Lower Creeks.— Knox (17S9) in Am. 

 St. Papers, Ind. Aff., 1, 15, l.s32 ( here used to desig- 

 nate the Seminole as emigrants from the Lower 



