502 



SEMONAN SENECA 



[b. a. e. 



Creeks proper) . Semanole. — Gatschet, Creek Migr. 

 Leg., I, 66, 1884 (or Isti semandle). Seminola. — 

 Ramsay (1795) in Mass. Hist. Sop. Coll., 1st s., iv, 

 99, 179.5. Seminoleans.— Conrad in H. R. Doc. 285, 

 25th Cong., 2d sess., 2, 1838. Seminoles.— Lincoln 

 (1789) in Am. State Papers, Ind. An., I, 78, 1832. 

 Seminolie. — Keaiie in Stanford, Compend., 535, 

 1878. Seminolulki. — ten Kate, ReizeninN. A.,412, 

 18S5 ('the people that are wild': Creek name). 

 Seminu'niak.— Gatschet, Fox MS., B. A. E., 1882 

 (Fox name). Simano'lalgi.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. 

 Leg., 1, 67,1884 (Creek name) . Simano'la'li.— Ibid. 

 (Hitchiti name). Sim-e-lo-le.— Hawkins (1799), 

 Sketch, 25, 1848 (trans, 'wild'). Sim-e-no-le.— 

 Ibid. Simenolies. — Ibid. Similoculgee. — School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, IV, 380, 1854 (Creek name). 

 Siminole. — Bartram, Travels, 21, 1792. Simonde. — 

 Woodward, Reminisc, 25, 1859 (misprint). Sim- 

 onolays. — Milfort, Memoire, 120, 1802. Sim-u-no- 

 li,— Grayson, Creek MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885 

 (Creek name) . Tallahaski, — Gatschet , Creek Migr. 

 Leg., I, 66, 1884 (so called "from their town Talla- 

 hassie"). Ungiayo-rono. — Gatschet, ibid, ('pen- 

 insula people": Huron name). Wild Creeks. — 

 Ellicott, Journal, 246-7, 1799. 



Semonan. A former tribe noted by 

 Massanet as on the road from Coahuila 

 to the Texas country in 1690. They are 

 possibly the Tsepcoen of Joutel. 



Semonan. — Massanet, Dictamen Fiscal, Nov. 30, 

 1716, MS. Tsepcoen. — ^Joutel in Margry, Dt>e., ill, 

 289, 1878 (identical?). Tsepechoen frercuteas. — 

 Barcia, Ensayo, 271,1723 ( = Tsepcoen and Sere- 

 couteha). Tsepehoen. — Joutel, Jour., 90, 1719. 

 Tsepehouen. — Ibid., 114. 



Sempoapi (Scm-po-a-jji). The Tewa 

 name of a ruined Tano pueblo of the 

 compact, communal type, situated near 

 Golden, Santa Fe co., N. Mex. Accord- 

 ing to Bandelier (Ritch, N. Mex., 201, 

 1885; Arch. In.^t. Papers, iv, 108, 1892) it 

 was abandoned proliably in 1591 on ac- 

 count of a raid l)y other Indians. 

 Valverde. — Bandelier, op. cit. 



Senan ('l)ird'). A Yuchi clan. 

 Sena'"taha.— Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 70, 

 1885 (= 'bird clan'). 



Senap. See Samutp. 



Senasqua (equivalent of Delaware lenask- 

 qual, 'original grass,' i. e. grass which was 

 supposed to have grown on the land from 

 the beghining. — Ruttenber). A former 

 Kitchawank fortitied village on Hudson r. , 

 at the mouth of Croton r., in Westchester 

 CO., N. Y. It may be identical with Kit- 

 chawank village. — Ruttenber (1) Tribes 

 Hudson R., 79, 1872, (2) Ind. Geog. 

 Names, 29, 1906. 



Senati. A Tatsakutchin village on the 

 N. side of Yukon r., Alaska, above the 

 mouth of Tanana r. 



Senatuch. Mentioned bv Grant (Jour. 

 Roy. Geog. Soc, 293, 1857) as a Nootka 

 tribe on the s. w. coast of Vancouver id. 



Seneca ( ' place of the stone, ' the An- 

 glicized form of the Dutch enunciation of 

 the Mohegan rendering of the Iroquoian 

 ethnic appellative Oneida, or, strictly, 

 Ortrmute' a' kiC , and with a different ethnic 

 suffix, Oneniute^ron''non\ meaning 'peo- 

 ple of the standing or projecting rock or 

 stone'). A prominent and influential 

 tribe of the Iroquois (q. v. ). When first 

 known they occupied that part of w. New 

 York between Seneca lake and Geneva r., 



having their council fire at Tsonontowan, 

 near Naples, in Ontario co. After the po- 

 litical destruction of the Erie and Neuters, 

 about the middle of the seventeenth 

 century, the Seneca and other Iroquois 

 people carried their settlements west- 

 ward to L. Erie and southward along the 

 Alleghany into Pennsylvania. They also 

 received into their tribe a portion of these 

 conquered peoples, by which accessions 

 they became the largest tribe of the con- 

 federation and one of the most important. 

 They are now chiefly settled on the Alle- 

 gany, Cattaraugus, and Tonawanda res., 

 N. Y. A portion of them remained under 

 British jurisdiction after the declaration 

 of peace and live on Grand River res., 

 Ontario. Various local l)ands have been 

 known as Buffalo, Tonawanda, and Corn- 

 planter Indians; and the Mingo, formerly 

 in Ohio, have become officially known as 

 Seneca from the large number of that 

 tribe among them. No considerable 

 number of the Seneca ever joined the 

 Catholic Iroquois colonies. 



In the third quarter of the 16th cen- 

 tury the Seneca was the last but one of 

 the Iroquois tribes to give its suffrage 

 in favor of the abolition of murder and 

 war, the suppression of cannibalism, and 

 the (establishment of the piinciples upon 

 which the League of the Iroquois was 

 founded. However, a large division of 

 the tribe did not adopt at once the course 

 of the main body, but, on obtaining cov- 

 eted privileges and prerogatives, the re- 

 calcitrant body was admitted as a constitu- 

 entmember in the structure of the League. 

 The two chiefships last added to the 

 quota of the Seneca were admitted on 

 condition of their exercising functions be- 

 longing to a sergeant-at-arms of a modern 

 legislative body as well as those belong- 

 ing to a modern secretary of state for 

 foreign affairs, in addition to their duties 

 as federal chieftains; indeed, they be- 

 came the warders of the famous "Great 

 Black Doorway" of the League of the 

 Iroquois, calle(l Ka'nho^hwddji' go'nd' by 

 the Onondaga. 



In historical times the Seneca have 

 been by far the most populous of the five 

 tribes originally composing the League 

 of the Iroquois. The Seneca belong in 

 the federal organization to the tribal 

 phratry known by the political name 

 Hondovms^'hi'ii' , meaning, 'they are 

 clansmen of the fathers,' of which the 

 Mohawk are the other member, when 

 the tribes are organized as a federal coun- 

 cil; but when ceremonially organized the 

 Onondaga also belong to this phratry (see 

 Government). In the federal council the 

 Seneca are represented by eight federal 

 chiefs, but two of these were added to 

 the original six present at the first fed- 

 eral council, to give representation to that 



