520 



SHAHWUNDAIS SHAKCHUKLA 



Ib. a. e. 



hunting various kinds of game was com- 

 mon, and this had probably been much 

 advanced by the introduction of horses. 

 Boots and berries also were much used 

 as food, but no agriculture was evident. 

 The Shahaptian tribes have always had a 

 high reputation for bravery and, except 

 for certain sporadic outbreaks, have been 

 friendly with the whites. 



The following principal divisions of the 

 stock are usually considered as separate 

 tribes: Klikitat, Nez Perces, Paloos, Ten- 

 ino, Tyigh, Umatilla, Wallawalla, and 

 Yakima. A large number of smaller 

 divisions are often spoken of as inde- 

 pendent tribes, but which are really sub- 

 ordinate bands of one or another of the 

 tribes named. Of these smaller bands 

 those most frequently met with in litera- 

 ture are: Akaitchis, Atanumlema, Chim- 

 napum, Des Chutes, Klinquit, Kowasayee, 

 John Day, Liayvvas, Ochechote, Pisko, 

 Pishquiti^ah, Shyik, Skinpah, Sokulk, 

 Tilkuni, Tushepaw, Wahowpun, and 

 Wiam. (h. w. h. l. f. ) 



Saituka, — See under this caption. Sciatogas.^ 

 Stuart in Nouv. Ann. Voy., xn, 42, 1821. Scieto- 

 gas.— Coues, Henry-Thompson Jour., 818, 1897. 

 Shatasla. — Ibid. ,827. Shyatogoes. — Cox, Advent., 

 239, 1832. Shy-to-gas.— Ross, Fur Hunters, i, 264, 

 18,5/). Thy-eye-to-ga. — Brackenridge, Views of 

 La., 302, 1815. 



Family Synonymy: XShahaptan. — Scouler in 

 Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc, xi, 225, 1841 (three tribes: 

 Shahaptan, or Nez-perp(^s, Kliketat, Okanagan; 

 the latter being Salishan). <Shahaptan. — Pricli- 

 ard, Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 428, 1847 ( two classes: 

 Nez-pere4s proper of mountains, and Polanches 

 of plains; includes also Kliketat and Okana- 

 gan). >Sahaptin.— Hale in U. S. Expl. Ex- 

 ped., VI, 198, 212, 542, 1816 (Shahaptin or Nez- 

 perc^s, Wallawallas, Pelooses, Yakemas, Kli- 

 katats); Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, 

 II, pt. 1. c, 14, 1848 (follows Hale); Gallatin, ibid., 

 77 (Nez-perces only); Berghaus (1851), Physik. 

 Atlas, map 17, 18,52; Gallatin in Schoolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, in, 402, 1853 (Nez-perces and Wal- 

 lawallas); Dall, after Gibbs, in Cont. N. A. 

 Ethnol., I, 241, 1877 (includes Taitinapam and 

 Kliketat). >Saptin, — Prichard, Phys. Hist. Man- 

 kind, V, 428, 1S47 (or Shahaptan). <Sahaptin. - 

 Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 323, 1850 (includes Wal- 

 lawallas, Kliketat, Proper Sahaptin or Nez-perces, 

 Peli'is, Yakemas, Cayus?); Latham in Trans. 

 Philol. Soc. Lond., 73, 1856 (includes Wuiilatpu); 

 Buschmann, Spuren der aztek. Sprache, 614, 615, 

 1859; Latham, Opuscula, 340, 1860 (as in 1856); 

 Latham, El. Comp. Philol., 440, 1862 (vocabularies 

 of Sahaptin, Wallawalla, Kliketat) ; Keane in Stan- 

 ford, Compend., Cent, and So. Am., app.,460, 474, 

 1878 (includes Palouse, Walla Wallas, Yakimas, 

 Tairtlas, Kliketats or Pshawanwappams, Cayuse, 

 Mollale; thetwo last are Waiilatpuan). =Sahap- 

 tin.— Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 168, 1877 (de- 

 fines habitat and enumerates tribes of); Gatschet 

 in Beach, Ind. Miscel., 443, 1877; Bancroft, Nat. 

 Races, in, 565, 620, 1882. >Shahaptani.— Tolmie 

 and Dawson, Comp. Vocabs. Brit. Col., 78, 1884 

 (Whulwhaipum tribe). >Nez-Perces.— Prichard, 

 Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 428, 1847 (see Shahaptan. 

 above); Keane in Stanford, Compend., Cent, and 

 So. Am., app., 474, 1878 (see his Sahaptin). xSe- 

 lish.— Dall, after Gibbs, in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 

 I, 241, 1877 (includes Yakama, which belongs 

 here). =Shahaptian,— Powellin7thRep. B. A. E., 

 126, 1891. 



Shahwundais ('God of the South,' who 

 makes the summer. — J. Jones). A con- 

 verted Chippewa, generally known as 

 John Sunday, who took an active part 



in the IMethodist missionary work among 

 his people during the early and middle 

 parts of the 19th century. Peter Jones 

 (Hist. Ojeb. Inds., 200," 1861) says he 

 belonged to the Mink "tribe" (probably 

 the Marten gens of Warren). His home, 

 and probably the place of his birth, about 

 1796, was Alnwick district, Northumber- 

 land co., Ont. In 1823 John and Peter 

 Jones, the latter the author of the Histo- 

 ry of the Ojebway Indians, were con- 

 verted at the Methodist mission on Credit 

 r., near Rice lake, Northumberland co. 

 The brothers commenced teaching their 

 people, and with other missionaries 

 in 1826-27 held a camp-meeting near 

 Coburg, at which Sunday was converted. 

 He began at once to learn to read and 

 write, was ordained as a minister, and 

 entered actively into missionary work 

 among the Chippewa. With George 

 Copway and other native preacliers he 

 went on several missionary tours to the 

 Chippewa about L. Superior. They es- 

 tablished a permanent mission in 183.3 at 

 L'Anse on Keweenaw bay, Mich., and 

 another in 1835 at Ottawa Lake, in the 

 same state. Sunday appears to have de- 

 voted some time to special work among 

 the Saulteurs at Sault Ste Marie, where 

 his preaching was so highly regarded 

 that women bearing children in their 

 arms forded streams to reach the meeting 

 place (Jones, op. cit., 227). It was about 

 this period that the Rev. Wm. Case, who 

 had been influential in Ijringing Sunday 

 into the church, took him on a tour 

 of the States for the purpose of rais- 

 ing funds for the Canadian missions. At 

 the general council of the Christian Chip- 

 pewa and Ottawa, held at Saugeen, Ont., 

 in 1845, Sunday was present, and his 

 eloquence on this occasion has received 

 special mention. Copway (Life, Hist, 

 and Trav., 197, 1847) says he was "un- 

 commonly eloquent"; Jones (op. cit., 

 201) says he was "particularly happy in 

 his address at this meeting, and towards 

 the close, thrilled and astonished all 

 present by the ingenuity and power of 

 his appeals." After this he is not men- 

 tioned, though he was probably living as 

 late as 1855. Copway speaks of him as 

 a chief, and he signs as chief the report 

 made by liim and one Simpson as commis- 

 sioners of Alnwick in 1842. (c. T.) 



Sha,kaik{ SIkV k('rd\ 'many rattlesnakes' ) . 

 A Pima village on the n. side of the Gila, 

 N. w. of Casa Blanca, s. Ariz. — Russell 

 in 26th Rep. B. A. E., 23, 1908. 



Shakallamy. See ShikeUamy. 



Shakan ( CA.rd^n). A summer village of 

 the Henya on the N.w. coast of Prince of 

 Wales id., Alaska, whither they used to 

 go for fish eggs. 



Cixan. — Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904. 

 Tsi'choan.— Krause.Tlinkit Ind., 120, 1885. 



Shakchukla {Shak-chuk' -la, 'crayfish 



