530 



SHAVEHEAD SHAWNEE 



[b. a. b. 



ently included a portion of the interior, 

 s. of Nantucket liarbor. See Mass. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., 2ds., Ill, 25, 1815. 



Shavehead. A well known Potawato- 

 mi chief, so named by the whites be- 

 cause, like many of his ancestors, he 

 kept the hair shaved from the greater 

 part of his scalp. The dates of his birth 

 and death are not known, but he lived 

 during the early part of the 19th century 

 in the s. e. part of Cass co., Mich. As a 

 warrior Shavehead was the terror of the 

 vicinity, feared by both whites and In- 

 dians. He participated in many battles 

 and manifested a determined hatred for 

 the whites, openly boasting of the scalps 

 he had taken, and wearing them as 

 trophies about his person. It was re- 

 ported, although probably with great ex- 

 aggeration, that he possessed a string of 

 99 white men's tongues. Many inci- 

 dents of Shavehead' s vindictiveness are 

 related. After the mail stages had begun 

 to run on the Chicago road, Shavehead, 

 claiming the rights of his people as pro- 

 prietors of the soil, established himself 

 at a ferry of St Joseph r., near Mott- 

 ville, and' demanded tribute from every 

 one who crossed, especially the settlers 

 who were compelled to use this route to 

 the nearest grist mill. Finally, exasper- 

 ated beyond endurance, one of the set- 

 tlers caught the Indian unaware and ad- 

 ministered a severe beating, which had 

 the effect of curing his depredations, but 

 making him more sullen. He is de- 

 scribed in his old age as being tall and 

 erect, quite dark, and with not a hair on 

 his head. Both a lake and a prairie bear 

 his name. 



Several stories are told of the manner 

 of Shavehead's death, but they can not 

 be substantiated. One is that the old 

 chief, while boasting of his part in the 

 massacre at Ft Dearborn, Chicago, in 

 1812, was recognized by a surviving sol- 

 dier, who followed him out of the vil- 

 lage, and, it is supposed, murdered him. 

 Another account states that after signifi- 

 cantly saying that there was no longer 

 game enough for both the Indian and the 

 white man, he was killed by a white 

 hunter who had been his companion on 

 many hunting expeditions. The last 

 and more probable story is that he died, 

 enfeebled by age and poverty, and was 

 buried in a hollow login the forest. Set- 

 tlers visited his grave and severed his 

 head from his body, and his skull was 

 said in 1889 to be in the collection of the 

 pioneers of Van Buren co. One of 

 Shavehead's sons died in prison under a 

 life sentence for murder. See Coll. 

 Mich. Pion. and Hist. Soc, v, 1884; xiv, 

 1890; XXVIII, 1900. (f. s. n. ) 



Shawakhtan. The name, in the Yau- 

 danchi dialect of Yokuts, of a place on 



Tuler., Cal., above Springville, where the 

 Yaudanchi frequently wintered. 

 Sa-wakh'-tu. — Powers in Coiit. N. A. Ethnol., in, 

 370. 1877 (given as a tribal name). Shawakhtau, — 

 A. L. Kroeber, inf n, 1906. 



Shawala ('Shawnee'). A band of the 

 Brule Teton Sioux, descended from a 

 Shawnee chief adopted into the tribe. 

 Cawala.— Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218, 1897 

 {c=sli). Sawala. — Ibid. 



Shawangunk (shdiv ' side,' ong ' hill,' imk 

 locative: 'ator on the hillside.' — Gerard). 

 An im})Ortant fortified Waranawonkong 

 village near the site of Tuthill, Ulster co., 

 N. Y. It was destroyed bv the Dutch in 

 1663. 



Chauwanghungh, — Doc. of 1684 cited by Ruttenber, 

 Ind. (ieoK. Names, 140, 1906. Chauwangung.— Doc. 

 of 1686, ibid. Chawangon. — Deed of 1684 quoted 

 by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 3SS, ls72. Cha- 

 wangong. — Patent of 1686, ibid. Shawangung. — 

 Doe. of 1709 cited by Ruttenber, Ind. Gcog. Names, 

 141, 1906. Shawangunk.— Dutch record (<■«. 1660) 

 cited by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 388, 1872. 

 Showangunck.— Doc. Of 1723 cited bv Ruttenber, 

 Ind. Geog. Names, 141, 1906. 



Shawi ('raccoon'). A Chickasaw clan 

 of the Ishpanee phratry. 

 Sha-u-ee.— Morgan, Anc. Soc, 163, 1878. Shawi.— 

 Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 96, 1884. 



Shawiangto. A former small village of 

 the Tuscarora, containing about a dozen 

 houses, situated on thew. side of the Sus- 

 quehanna, not far from the present Wind- 

 sor, Broome c ., N. Y. It w as burned by 

 Gen. Clinton, Aug. 17, 1779. In 1778 

 there appear to have been four villages of 

 the Tuscarora not far below Oquaga, in 

 the same county. (j. n. b. h.) 



Shawiti. The Parrot clans of the Keresan 

 pueblos of Laguna, Acoma, Santa Ana, 

 San Felipe, and Sia, N. Mex. That of 

 Laguna claims to have come originally 

 from Zuiii, while the Parrot clan of Acoma 

 formed a ]ihratry with the Hapanyi (Oak) 

 and Tanyi ( Calabash ) clans. ( f. w. h. ) 

 Sha'-wi-ti"— Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A. E., 19, 

 1894 (Sia form). Shawiti-hano'=i',— Hodge in Am. 

 Anthr., I.x, 351, 189(') (Laguna form; hAnoch= 

 'people'). Shawit'-hanoqci'. — Ibid.(Acomaform). 

 Sho'wati-hano, — Ibid. (San Felipe form). Sho'wi- 

 ti-hano. — Iliid. (Sia and Santa Ana form). 



Shawnee (from sliaimn, 'south'; sha- 

 u'unog', ' southerners. ' — W. J. ) . Former- 

 ly a leading tribe of South Carolina, Ten- 

 nessee, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. By rea- 

 son of the indefinite character of their 

 name, their wandering habits, their con- 

 nection with other tribes, and because of 

 their interior position away from the trav- 

 eled routes of early days, the Shawnee 

 were long a stumbling block in the way of 

 investigators. Attempts have been made 

 toidentify them with the Massawomec of 

 Smith, the Erie of the early Jesuits, and 

 the Andaste of a somewhat later period, 

 while it has also been claimed that they 

 originally formed one tribe with the Sauk 

 and Foxes. None of these theories, how- 

 ever, rests upon sound evidence, and 

 all have been abandoned. Linguisti- 

 cally the Shawnee belongs to the group 

 of Central Algonquian dialects, and is 



