BULL. 30] 



SHAWNEE 



531 



very closely related to Sauk-Fox. The 

 name "Savanoos," applied by the early 

 Dutch writers to the Indians living npoD 

 the E. bank of Delaware r., in New Jersey, 



SHAWNEE MAN 



did not refer to the Shawnee, and was evi- 

 dently not a proper tribal designation, but 

 merely the collective term, "southern- 

 ers," for those tribes southward from 

 Manhattan id., just as Wappanoos, "east- 

 erners," was the collective term for those 

 living toward the e. Evelin, who wrote 

 about 1646, gives the names of the differ- 

 ent small bands in the s. part of New Jer- 

 sey, while Ruttenber names those in the 

 N., V)ut neither mentions the Shawnee. 



The tradition of the Delawares, as em- 

 bodied in the Walum Olnm, makes them- 

 selves, the Shawnee, and the Nanticoke, 

 originally one people, the separation hav- 

 ing taken place after the traditional ex- 

 pulsion of theTalligewi (Cherokee, q. v. ) 

 from the N., it being stated that the 

 Shawnee wentS. Beyond thisitis useless 

 to theorize on the origin of the Shawnee or 

 to strive to as.sign them any earlier loca- 

 tion than that in which they were first 

 known and where their oldest traditions 

 place them — the Cumberland basin in Ten- 

 nessee, with an outlying colony on the 

 middle Savannah in South Carolina. In 

 this position, as their name may imply, 

 they were the southern advance guard 

 of the Algonquian stock. Their real 

 history begins in 1669-70. They were 

 then living in two bodies at a consid- 



erable distance apart, and these two di- 

 visions were not fully united until nearly 

 a century later, when the tribe settled 

 in Ohio. The attempt to reconcile con- 

 flicting statements without a knowledge 

 of this fact has occasioned much of the 

 confusion in regard to the Shawnee. The 

 apparent anomaly of a tribe living in two 

 divisions at such a distance from each 

 other is explained when we remember 

 that the intervening territory was occu- 

 pied by the Cherokee, who were at that 

 time the friends of the Shawnee. The 

 evidence afforded by the mounds shows 

 that the two tribes lived together for a 

 considerable period, both in South Caro- 

 lina and in Tennessee, and it is a matter 

 of history that the Cherokee claimed the 

 country vacated by the Shawnee in both 

 states after the removal of the latter to 

 the N. It is quite possible that the Chero- 

 kee invited the Shawnee to settle upon 

 their eastern frontier in order to serve as 

 a barrier against the attacks of the Ca- 

 tawba and other enemies in that direction. 

 No such necessity existed for protection 

 on their northwestern frontier. The 

 earliest notices of the Carolina Shawnee 

 represent them as a warlike tribe, the 

 enemies of the Catawba and others, who 

 were also the enemies of the Cherokee. 

 In Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee is the 

 statement, made by a Cherokee chief in 

 1772, that 100 years previously the Shaw- 

 nee, by permission of the Cherokee, re- 



moved from Savannah r. to the Cum- 

 berland, but were afterward driven out 

 by the Cherokee, aided by the Chick- 

 asaw, in consequence of a quarrel with 



