558 



8HOTLEMAMI8H SHRINES 



[b. a. e. 



Ill, 141, 1908 ('grass-thatch dwellers': Teton Sioux 

 name). Pi-ci'-kse-ni-tup'-i-o. — Hayden, Ethnog. 

 and Philol Mo. Val., 264, 1862 (Blackfoot name). 

 Serpents. — Smet, Letters, 62, 1843. Shashones.— 

 Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, vi, 340, 1905. Shirry- 

 dikas. — Ro.ss, Fur Hunters, I, 249, 1855 ('dog-eat- 

 ers': given as a division of the Snakes, but 

 evidently confused with the Arapaho). Sho- 

 shon. — Clarke in Jour. Anthr. Inst. G. B., iv, 160, 

 1875. Sho-Sho-nay— Gebow, Sho-sho-nay Vocab., 

 10, 1868 (Shoshoni name). Sho-sho-ne.— Gas.?, 

 Journal, 210, 1807. Shoshonee.— Lewis and Clark 

 Exped., II, 587, 1817. Sho-shones.— Orig. Jour. 

 Lewis and Clark, v, 94, 1905. Shoshoni. — Lewis and 

 Clark Exped., ii, 587, 1817. Shos-shone. — Ruxton, 

 Adventures, 243, 1848. Shossoonies. — Scouler 

 (1846) in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., I, 239, 1848. 

 Shothones.— Coke, Ride over Rocky Mts., 294, 1852. 

 Shunshu^-wichasha, — Curtis, N. Am. Ind., iii. 141, 

 1908 (" the first part of the word is doubtless an 

 attempt to sav Shoshoni"). Sig-te'-Hda wi-ca-sa. — 

 Cook, Yankton MS. vocab., B. A. E., 184, 1882 ( = 

 'Rattlesnake Indians': Yankton name). Sisizha- 

 nin.— Curtis, N. Am. Ind., v, 154, 1909 ('rattlesnake 

 men': Atsina name). Snake Diggers. — Johnson 

 and Winter, Route Across Rocky Mts., Ill, 1846. 

 Snake Indians. — Writer of 1786 in Mass. Hist. Soc. 

 Coll., 1st s.. Ill, 24, 1794. Snegs.— Beltrami, Pil- 

 grimage, II, 282, 1828. Snoa. — Gatschet, MS., 

 B. A. E. (Okinagan name). Soshawnese. — Porter 

 in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, ill, 597, 1853. Sosho- 

 nees.— Frignet, La Californie, 273, 1867. Sosho- 

 nes. — Smet, Letters, 36, 1843. So'-so-i-ha'-ni. — Hay- 

 den, op. cit., 290 (Cheyenne name). So-so-na. — 

 Lewis and Clark, Discov., 63, 1806. Sosone.— 

 Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, ii, 329, 1905. Soso- 

 nee. — Ibid., IV, 70. Sosonees. — Ibid., ii, 244. 

 Sosones. — Ibid., iv, 77. Sosone's. — Ibid., 38. So'- 

 so-ni.— Hayden, op. cit., 290 (Cheyenne name). 

 Su'-su-ne. — Cook, Yankton MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 184, 1882 (Yankton name). Wahkiruxkanu- 

 manke. — Will and Spindcn, Mandans, 217, 1906 

 (Mandan name). Wakidohka-numak.— Curtis, 

 N. Am. Ind., v, 148, 1909 ('snake man': Mandan 

 name). Wes'anikaci"ga. — Dorsey, (fegiha MS. 

 Diet., B. A. E., 1878 j' snake people': Omaha and 

 Ponca name). Zuzeca wi-casa. — Bushotter, inf'n, 

 1887 ('snake people': Teton Sioux name). 



Shotlemamisli. A body of Salish on Case 

 inlet, at the s. w. extremity of Puget sd., 

 Wash. 



Hotlimamish.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, V, 700, 1855. 

 Hottimamish. — Lane in Sen. E.x. Doc. 52,31stCong., 

 1st sess., 173, 18.50. Hottunamish. — Lane in Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 162, 1850. Scootle-mam-ish.— Starling, 

 ibid., 171, 1852. S'Hotle-ma-mish.— Stevens, ibid., 

 458, 1854. S'Hotlmahmish,— Stevens in H.R.Ex. 

 Doc. 37, 34th Cong., 3d se.ss., 45, 1857. S'hotlma- 

 mish, — Dall, after Gibbs, in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., I, 

 241, 1877. S'Kosle-ma-mish.— Gibbs in Pac. R. R. 

 Rep., I, 435, 1885. Sroo-tle-mam-ish. — Starling in 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 170, 1852. 



Shoto. A Chinookan tribe or division 

 found in 1806 by Lewis and Clark on the 

 N. side of Columbia r., a short distance 

 from the stream and nearly opposite the 

 mouth of the Willamette. Their esti- 

 mated number was 460, in 8 houses. 

 Shoto.— Lewis andClark Exped., ii, 472, 1814. Sho- 

 toes.— Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, iv, 219, 1905. 



ShowtL A name of a species of rodent 

 {Haplodon rufus) of parts of the Oregon- 

 British Columbia region, known as the 

 seivellel (q. v.), or shari'l, the name of 

 this animal in the Nisqualli and closely 

 related Salishan dialects. (a. f. c.) 



Showtucket ( Mohegan : nashauetuk-ut, 

 'between the rivers.' — Trumbull). A 

 village in the fork of the Shetucket and 

 Quinebaug rs., near Lisbon, New London 

 CO., Conn. Before King Philip's war 

 (1675) it was occupied by a Mohegan 



band. After the war, in 1678, a band of 

 friendly Indians from various tribes was 

 settled there, known as "Surrenderers," 

 but after a few years the village was aban- 

 doned on account of the opposition of 

 Uncas. (j. M. ) 



Shatetucket.— Leete (1665) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 4th s., VII, 556, 1865. Shatuckett— Pynchon (1700) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iv, 616, 18.54. Shatuskett.— 

 O waneco ( 1700) , ibid . . 615. Showtucket. — Caulkins, 

 Norwich, 50, 1866. Surrenderers,— Ibid., 256. 



Shregegon. A Yurok village on lower 

 Slamath r., about a mile above the mouth 

 of Pekwan cr., n. w. Cal. 

 Sca-goines. — McKee (1851) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d 

 Cong., spec, sess., 162, 1853. Schre-gon. — Gibbs 

 (1851) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 138, 1853. 

 Ser-a-goines. — Meyer, Naeh dem Sacramento, 

 282, 1855. Seragoins. — McKee, op. cit., 193. Ser- 

 a-goins, — Ibid., 194. Serragoin. — Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, in, 422, 1853. Shregegon. — A. L. Kroeber, 

 inf'n, 1906. Sira-grins. — McKee, op. cit., 161. Sri'- 

 gon, — Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., iii, 44, 1877. 



Shrines. Places where sacred offerings 

 are deposited or cult images or objects 

 are set up. They are fixed or portable, 

 the tormer often being altar shrines (see 

 Altar), or consist of stone boxes inclosing 

 sacred objects. The latter class includes 

 the sacred bundles of the Pawnee, Papago, 

 Hopi, and other tribes (see Falladiuin). 



Shrines are common to many tribes 

 N. of Mexico, but perhaps among none 

 do they now enter more into the religious 

 life of the people than among the Pueblos, 

 particularly among the Hoi^i, whose 

 shrines will here be described as typical: 



Among these people any special spot 

 consecrated to supernatural beings, where 

 prayer offerings to them are made, is 

 called a pahoki, or 'prayer house,' gen- 

 erally translated 'shrine.' There are 

 about a hundred shrines at or near the 

 pueblo of Walpi, half of which have 

 special names. They are situated on the 

 mesa, among the foothills, at springs, 

 and near the ruins of ancestral villages. 

 Certain of these places of offering have no 

 special names, but are called "rain-cloud 

 shrines," or "world-quarter shrines," 

 because situated at the four cardinal 

 directions from the pueblo. A Hopi 

 shrine differs from an altar in being a 

 place in which the offerings remain per- 

 manently, or until they or their essence 

 are supposed to be removed by the gods. 



Every great ceremony has its special 

 shrine, but in some of them prayer 

 offerings are made in all ceremonies. 

 Many shrines have nothing to mark them 

 except prayer sticks (q. v.). Common 

 forms of shrines are circles of small stones 

 or even a single stone, caves or clefts, a 

 natural depression in a bowlder, or any 

 object symbolically marked. The most 

 elaborate shrines are sealed stone inclo- 

 sures, sometimes painted with symbols, 

 and containing symbolic representations 

 of supernatural beings, idols, water-worn 

 stones, or fossils. Shrines may be classi- 



