BDLL. 30] 



SIPANUM SIPUSHKANUMANKB 



579 



all the tribes of this section. In the E. 

 the habitationg were bark and mat wig- 

 wam?, l)ut on the ])lains earth lodges and 

 skin tipis were used. Formerly they had 

 no domestic animals except dogs, which 

 were utilized in transporting the tipis and 

 all other family belongings, including 

 children (see Travois), but later their 

 place was largely taken by horses, the 

 introduction of which constituted a new 

 epoch in the life of all Plains tribes, 

 facilitating their migratory movements 

 and the pursuit of the buffalo, and doubt- 

 less contributing largely to the ultimate 

 extinction of that animal. 



Taking the reports of the United States 

 and Canadian Indian offices as a basis 

 and making a small allowance for bands 

 or individuals not here enumerated, the 

 total number of Indians of Siouan stock 

 may be placed at about 40,800. 



The Tutelo, Biloxi, and probably the 

 rest of the eastern Siouan tribes were 

 organized internally into clans with ma- 

 ternal descent; the Dakota, Mandan, and 

 Hidatsa consisted of many non-toteniic 

 bands or villages, the Crows of non- 

 totemic gentes, and the rest of the tribes 

 of totemic gentes. 



The Siouan family is divided as fol- 

 lows: 



I. Dakota- Assiniboin group: 1, Mde- 

 wakantou; 2, Wahpekute (forming, with 

 the Mdewakanton, the Santee); 3, Siase- 

 ton; 4, Wahpeton; 5, Yankton; 6, Yank- 

 tonai; 7, Teton (a) Sichangu or Bruit's, 

 (b) Itazipcho or Sans Arcs, (c) Sihasapa 

 or Blackfeet, (d) Miniconjou, (e) Oohe- 

 nonpa or Two Kettles, (f) Oglala, (g) 

 Hunkpapa; 8, Assiniboin. 



II. Dhegiha group: 1, Omaha; 2, Fon- 

 ca; 3, Quapaw; 4, Osage (a) Pahatsi, (b) 

 Utsehta, (c) Santsukhdhi; 5, Kansa. 



III. Chiwere group: 1, Iowa; 2, Oto; 

 3, Missouri. 



1\'. Winnebago. 



V. Mandan. 



VI. Hidatsa group: 1, Hidatsa; 2, 

 Crows. 



VII. Biloxi group: 1, Biloxi; 2, Ofo. 



VIII. Eastern division: 1, Monacan 

 group, almost extinct: A, Monacan confed- 

 eracy — (a) Monacan, (b) Meipontsky, (c) 

 Mohemencho; B, Tutelo confederacy — 



(a) Tutelo, (b) Saponi, (c)Occaneechi; C, 

 Manahoac confederacy — (a) Manahoac, 



(b) Stegaraki, (c) Shackaconia, (d) 

 Tauxitania, (e) Onti)onea, (f)Tegninateo, 

 (g) Whonkentia, (h) Hassinunga; D, 

 Catawba group — (a) Catawba, (b) Woe- 

 con, (c) Sissipahaw, (d) Cape Fear In- 

 dians (?), (e) Warrennuncock (?), (f) 

 Adshusheer, (g) Eno, (h) Waxhaw, (i) 

 Sugeree, (j) Santee, (k) Wateree (?), (1) 

 Sewee (?), (m) Congaree (?), all extinct 

 except the Catawba; E, (a) Cheraw, (b) 

 Keyauwee, both extinct; F, (a)Pedee(?), 



(b) Waccamaw (?), (c) Winyaw (?), 

 (d) Hooks (?), (e) Backhooks {?), all ex- 

 tinct, (c. T. J. R. S. ) 

 >Dacotan.— Lapham, Inds. Wis., 6, 1870. >Da- 

 kotan.— Powell in 1st Rep. B. A.E., xvii, xix, 1881. 

 >Sioux.— Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc, ii, 

 121, 3Uti, 1836; Prichard, Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 

 408,1847 (follows Gallatin); Gallatin in Trans. 

 Am. Ethnol. Soc, n, pt. 1, xcix, 77, 1848 (as in 

 18:^6); Berghaus (1845), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 

 1848; ibid., 1852; Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, in, 402, 1853; Berghaus, Physik. Atlas, 

 map 72, 1887. >Sioux.— Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 

 333, 1850 (includes Winebagoes, Dakotas, Assine- 

 boins, Upsanjka, Mandans, Minetari, Osage); 

 Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 58, 1856 

 (mere mention of family): Latham, Opuscula, 

 327. 1860; Latham, El. Comp. Philol., 458, 1862. 

 >Sioux-Osages.— Balbi, Atlas Ethnogr., 55, 1826. 

 >Catawbas.— Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc, 

 II, 87, 1836 (Catawbas and Woccons); Bancroft, 

 Hist. U.S., 111,245, and map, 1840; Prichard, Phys. 

 Hist. Mankind, v, 399, 1847; Gallatin in Trans. Ani. 

 Ethnol. Soc, II, pt. 1, xcix, 77, 1848; Keane in 

 Stanford, Compend., Cent, and So. Am., app., 460, 

 473, 1878. >Catahbas— Berghaus (1845), Physik. 

 Atlas, map 17, 1848; ibid., 1852. Catawba,— La- 

 tham, Nat. Hist. Man, 334, 1850 (Woccoon are 

 allied): Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, III, 

 401, 1853. >Kataba.— Gatschet in Am. Antiq., 

 IV., 238, 1882; Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 15, 

 1884; Gatschet in Science, 413, Apr. 29, 1887. 

 >Woccons.— Gallatin in Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc, 

 II, 306, 1836 (numbered and given as a distinct 

 family in table, but inconsistently noted in foot- 

 note where referred to as Catawban family). 

 >Dahcotas.— Bancroft, Hist. U. S., iii, 243, 1840. 

 >Dakotas.— Hayden, Ethnog. and ;Philol. Mo. 

 Val., 232, 1862 (treats of Dakotas, Assiniboins, 

 Crows, Minnitarees, Mandans, Omahas, lowas). 

 >Dacotah.— Keane in Stanford, Compend., Cent, 

 and So. Am., app., 460, 470, 1878 (the following 

 are themain divisions given: Isaunties, Sissetons, 

 Yantons, Teetons, Assiniboines, VVinnebagos, 

 Punkas, Omahas, Missouris, lowas, Otoes, Kaws, 

 Quappas, Osages, Upsarocas, Minnetarees). >Da- 

 kota,— Berghaus, Physik. Atlas, map 72, 1887. 

 = Siouan.— Powell in 7th Rep. B. A. E., Ill, 1891. 



Sipanum. A former village, presuma- 

 bly Costanoan, connected with Dolores 

 mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Tavlor in 

 Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Sipiwithiniwuk ('river people'). A 

 division of the Sakawithiniwuk, or Wood 

 Cree. 



Siplichiquin. A former village, pre- 

 sumably Costanoan, connected with Do- 

 lores mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Tay- 

 lor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Sipsisseway. See Pipsissewa. 



Sipuca. A former Chumashan village 

 near Purisima mission, Santa Barbara 

 CO., Cal. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 

 1861. 



Sipushkanumanke ('grouse people'). A 

 Mandan gens according to Morgan (Anc. 

 Soc, 158, 1877); according to Matthews 

 (Ethnog. Hidatsa, 14, 1877), who is evi- 

 dently correct, a large band. 

 Grouse Men. — Matthews, Ethnog. Hidatsa, 14, 1877. 

 Nu-mah-ka-kee.— Catlin, Okeepa, 5, 44, 1867. Peo- 

 ple of the Pheasants. — Bowen, Am. Discov. by the 

 Welsh, 126, 1876. Peuple de Faisans. — Domenech, 

 De-serts N. Am., il, 36, 1860. Prairie Chicken. - 

 Morgan, Anc. Soc, 158, 1S77. Prairie-hen People. — 

 Matthews, op. cit. Prairie hens. — Maximilian, 

 Trav., 335, 1843. See-pohs-ka-mi-mah-ka-kee. — 

 Bowen, op. cit. See-poosh'-ka. — Morgan, op. cit. 

 Siposka-numakaki. — Matthews, op. cit. Si-pu'-cka 

 nu-man'-ke. — Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 241, 



