BULL. 30] 



8KICOAK SKIDI 



589 



Deadman r., a n. affluent of Thompson 

 r., Brit. Col. Population of all Dead- 

 man's r. Indians, 117 in 1909. 

 Dead Man's Creek.— Can. Ind. Aff., 259, 1882 (in- 

 cludes all the other Shuswap on this river). 

 Sket-shiotin.— Ibid., 189, ]8cS3. Skichistan.— Ibid., 

 pt. II, Itili, 1901. Ski-shis-tin. — Dawson in Trans. 

 Roy. Soc. Can., see. li, 41, 1891. Stichistan band. — 

 Can. Ind. Att'.. 240, 1902. 



Skicoak (possibly a contraction of Vir- 

 ginia Algonquian (Renape) Ma.sldlcok, 

 'swamp people.'— Gerard). A large vil- 

 lage in 1584, possibly Siouan, on Roanoke 

 r. , about 6 days' travel above the mouth of 

 Albemarle sd., probably in Virginia. It 

 mav have been identical with Occaneechi. 

 Skicoack.— .\madas (l.')S5) in Smith (1629), Va .i, 

 ,^3, isiy. Skicoak.— Strachey (ltil2), Va., 143, 1849. 

 Skihoah.— Martin, N. C, I, 12, 1829. 



Skidai-Ianas {Skid(y-ihVnas, 'powerless 

 town-peciple'). A Haida family of the 

 Eagle clan, belonging to the geographic 

 group known as Gunghet-haidagai, or 

 Ninstints people. It is said to have been 

 a branch of the Gunghet-kegawai, and 

 owned the ancient town of Hlgadun. — 

 Swanton, Cont. Haida, 272, 1905. 



Skidaokao {Sk'i'daoqao, 'eggs of Ski'- 

 dao'). One of the principal Haida fam- 

 ilies of the Raven clan on Masset inlet, 

 Brit. Col. , said to have been named from 

 a man called Skidao. Formerly these 

 people lived with several other families in 

 the town of Naikun, whence they moved 

 to Masset and owned the town, now 

 known by that name, until very recent 

 times. (j. R. s. ) 



Ski'daoqao. — Swanton, Cont. Haida, 271, 1905. 

 Skidoukou, — Harrison in Proc. Roy. Soc. Can., 

 sec. II, 125, 1895. Skyit'au'k-o.— Boas, 12th Rep. 

 N. W. Tribes Can., 23, 1898. 



Skidegate. One of the two or three in- 

 habited Haida towns on Queen Charlotte 

 ids., Brit. Col.; situated at the entrance to 

 an inlet of the same name on its n. shore. 

 The native names for this town were 

 Hlgaiu and Hlgagilda, Skidegate being 

 the corruption by whites of a name of the 

 chief, Sgedagits (Sge^dagits). Anciently 

 owned by the Hlgaiu-lanas, it was given 

 over to the Gitins, according to tradition, 

 in payment for an injury received by a 

 member of the latter family. According to 

 John Work there were 48 houses between 

 the years 1836 and 1841, with 738 people. 

 The last row of native hou.ses which stood 

 here numbered onlv 20, which would give 

 a population of 300'to 400. In 1909 there 

 were 239 people, living almost entirely 

 in houses patterned after those of the 

 whites. There is a Methodist mission 

 at Skidegate, and the Salvation Army has 

 some followers. All the people are nom- 

 inally Christians. The name of this 

 town has been adopted to designate the 

 Skittagetan familv (q- v.). (j. r. s. ) 

 Hyo-hai-ka.— Dawson, Q. Charlotte Ids., 165, 1880 

 (given as native name; pos.sibly intended for 

 " Hlgai-u "). lUth-cah-getla.— Deans, Tales from 

 Hiderv, 58, 1899. Kil-hai-oo. — Dawson, op. cit., 

 166. igagi'-lda.— Swanton, Cont. Haida, 279, 1905 

 (native name), ifcga-iu'. — Ibid., 279. Lthagild. — 

 Harrison in Proc.' Roy. Soc. Can., sec. ii, 125, 



1895. Sketigets.— Dunn, Hist. Oregon, 281, 1844. 

 Skid-a-gate.— Poole, Q. Charlotte Ids., 309, 1872. 

 Skid-de-gates. — Dawson, op. cit., 173. Skidde- 

 geet.— .Siiiuler (1.S16) in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., 

 1, 233, 1848. Skidegate-Haade. — Harrison in Proc. 

 Roy. Soc. Can., sec. ll, 125, 1.S95. Skidegat's town. — 

 Deans, Tales from Hidery, 4, 1899. Skidegattz. — 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 402, 1853. Skidigate.— 

 Can. Ind. Aff., 128, 1879. Skit'-a-get.— Gibbs in 

 Cont. N. A. Ethnol., l, 136, 1877. Skit-e-gates.— 

 Kane, Wand. N. Am., app., 1859. Skit-ei-get. — 

 Dawson, op. cit., 165. Skittagete. — Giillntin in 

 Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, ir, 77, 1M8. Skittagets. — 

 Gallatin, ibid., pt. 1, c. Skitt de gates. — School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, v, 489, 1855. Skittegas.— Scouler 

 in Jour. Geog. Soc. Lond., xi, 219, 1841. Skitte- 

 gats. — Sconler (1846) in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., 

 I, 233, lf<48. Skittgetts. — .\nderson quoted by 

 Gibbs in Hist. Mag., 74, 1863. Tlk-agilt. — Boas, 

 12th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 24, 1898. 



Skidi (probably from ^s7,-(>/, 'wolf,' or 

 skirirara, ' wolves standing in water,' re- 

 ferring to a tribal tradition) . One of the 

 tribes of the Pawnee confederacy (q. v.), 

 sometimes called Wolf Pawnee, and by 

 the French Pawnee Loup. That the 

 Skidi were closely associated with the 

 idea of the wolf is evident from the sign 

 language, in which they are designated 

 by the sign for that animal. The speech 

 of the Skidi differed slightly from that 

 of the other 3 Pawnee tribes. Accord- 

 ing to tradition the Skidi and Arikara 

 were once united, but became separated 

 during the northward migration, the 

 Arikara keeping to the Missouri valley 

 and the Skidi settling on Loup r., Nebr., 

 where finally the other 3 Pawnee tribes 

 built their villages. The wanderings 

 and adventures of the Skidi are mat- 

 ters of tradition rather than of history. 

 They have so long regarded the valley 

 of the Loup as their home that they 

 have located in that vicinity the super- 

 natural underground dwellings of the 

 mythic animals which preside over the 

 ceremonies of their secret societies. 

 When first known to the white race the 

 Skidi were farther n. than the- other 3 

 Pawnee tribes. Tradition indicates that 

 this tribe was the first to push north- 

 ward from their old home in the S. W. 

 There are stories of the Skidi having 

 been conquered by the other Pawnee 

 tribes, but these may refer rather to 

 local tribal quarrels and not imply sub- 

 jugation, for the Skidi have ever kept 

 their distinctive organization and have 

 tenaciously preserved their tribal rites 

 with their esoteric teachings. 



According to information obtained by 

 Bolton from S])anish manuscript sources, 

 a part of the Skidi (or "Pani-Maha," as 

 they were called) moved southward and 

 about 1770 approached the Texas border. 

 One of the conditions of the general peace 

 that was established between the Span- 

 iards and the northern Texas tribes in 

 1772 was that these tribes should consent 

 to be moved s., away from the influence 

 of the Pani-Maha (Viceroy to the King 

 of Spain, Nov. 26, 1772, MS. in Archive 

 Gen., Corr. of Viceroys, Bucareli no. 



