BULL. 30] 



SLEEPING WOLF SLEEPY EYES 



601 



hauled. The simplest forma are smooth, 

 flat substances, sometimes even blocks of 

 ice; there is one consisting of a few plates 

 of baleen stitched together; others are 

 elaborately constructed. Uniform widths 

 were adopted to enable them to follow 

 the same tracks. Owing to frost and 

 strain treenails and pegs were little used 

 in construction; only lashings of good 



CENTRAL ESKIMO SLEDGE (.BOAs) 



rawhide thongs would hold them to- 

 gether. In the use of these the makers 

 were as ingenious at seizing and making 

 knots as the Pacific islanders. The parts 

 of a sled are the runners, shoes, crossbars, 

 handles, lashings, lines, traces, toggles, 

 packing, webbing, and braces. These 

 belong to the fully equipped sled, which 

 is a marvel of convenience, but some of 

 them may be wanting. There are four 

 plans of construction besides numerous 

 makeshifts: (1) The bed lashed to solid 

 runners; (2) the bed on pairs of bent 

 sticks spliced together or arched and fas- 

 tened below to runners; (3) the bed rest- 

 ing on a square mortised frame, probably 

 an introduced type; (4) the bed flat on 

 the ground, the toboggan. In. the E., 

 the Eskimo, being in some places poorly 

 provided with wood, made sled runners 



DOG HARNESS, CENTRAL ESKIMO (bCAs) 



of porous bone, pieces of which, cut to 

 shape and pierced, were sewed together 

 neatly. The shoeing consisted of short 

 strips of ivory or smooth bone, pierced 

 and fastened on with treenails or thongs, 

 which were countersunk to prevent abrad- 

 ing. When in use the shoes and runners 

 were coated with ice or often with blood 

 and salt. Boas figures a complete sled 



from Cumberland gulf, and Mason a much 

 pieced and perforated runner from Green- 

 land, brought by Dr Kane. In the Mac- 

 kenzie r. district were brought together 

 the riding and freighting toboggan, the 

 framed sleds of the Kutchln, and varie- 

 ties with solid wooden runners. The 

 greatest variety of forms, figured and de- 

 scribed by Murdoch and Nelson, .were 

 found in Alaska. The main types are 

 the low, ilat sled without a rail, for carry- 

 ing bulky objects and umiaks, and the 

 built-up sled with a high rail on each side 

 for loads of smaller articles and camp 

 ecjuipage. Murdoch descril)es a shoe of 

 ice, 1 ft high and 6 in. wide, placed by 

 the Pt Barrow Eskimo on the runners. 

 Nelson figures the details of the two types 

 of sled about Bering str. , together with 

 the whip, bi-east-board, swivels, and line 

 attachers. 



CANADIAN TOBOGGAN (mASOn) 



Consult Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 1888; 

 Dall, Alaska, 1870; Mason in Eep. Nat. 

 iMus. 1S94, 1896; IMurdoch in 9th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 1892; Nelson in 18th Rep. B. 

 A. E., 1901; Stites, Economics of the Iro- 

 quois, 1905; Turner in 11th Rep. B. A. E., 

 1894. (o. T. M.) 



Sleeping Wolf (proper name (lui-Jcaii, 

 'Wolf lying down'). Second chief of 

 the Kiowa, a delegate to Washington 

 in 1872, and a prominent leader in 

 the outbreak of 1874-75. He was shot 

 and killed in a quarrel with one of his 

 own tribe in 1877. The name is heredi- 

 tary in the tribe and has been borne by at 

 least 5 successive individuals, the first 

 of whom negotiated the permanent peace 

 between the Kiowa and Comanche about 

 1790. (j. M.) 



Sleepy Eyes {TsJitaba, or Ishtahumba). 

 A chief of the Lower Sissetoii Sioux, of 

 the Chansdachikana band (not a Teton, 

 as is sometimes said), born on Minnesota 

 r. near the present site of Mankato; he 

 lived most of his years on the lake which 

 beais his naiue in Brown co., Minn. He 

 Avas promineiit in the affairs of his tribe 

 contemporary with the relinquishment of 

 their lands iii Minnesota aiid the removal 

 to the reservations on the upper Minne- 

 sota from 1850 to 1865. Sleepy Eyes be- 

 came chief between 1822 and 1825, evi- 

 dently succeeding Wahkanto. He was a 

 frequent and friendly visitor at the home 

 of Rev. S. R. Rig.ss, the renowned mis- 

 sionary. Heard states that a party of his 

 people particii:)ated in the massacre of the 

 whites at the Lake Shetek settlement in 



