BtlLL. 30] 



SOCORRO DEL SUR SOKOKI 



613 



Benavides, Memorial, 16, 1630 (aboriginal name 

 of pueblo). Filaho. — Columbus Mem. Vol., 156, 

 1893 (misprint). Filopue. — Oiiate (1598) in Doc. 

 Ined., XVI, 115, 1871 (identilied by Bandelier, 

 Arch. Inst. Papers, IV, 211, 1892). Socora.— .lohn- 

 ston in Emory, Recon., 570, 1848. Socoro. — Galle- 

 gas (1844), ibid., 478. Socorra.— Ogilby, Amer- 

 ica, map, 1671. Socorre. — Domenech, Deserts of 

 N. A., I, map, 1860. Socorro.— Onate (1598) in Doe. 

 In6d., XVI, 251, 1871 (earliest form). 



Socorro del Sur ('Socorro of the South,' 

 in contradistinction from Socorro (q. v. ) in 

 New Mexico). A small pueblo on both 

 sides of the Rio Grande, a few m. below El 

 Paso, Tex., the inhabitants of which, now 

 completely Mexicanized, belonged to the 

 Piro tribe, although there is evidence 

 (Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 191, 1889) 

 that Tano and Jemez people were among 

 them. It was established in 1680-81 by 

 Gov. Otermin with fugitive Indians 

 chiefly from Socorro, N. Mex. It became 

 the seat of a Spanish mission in 1682. 

 See Piros, Pueblos. (f. w. h.) 



N? Seiiora del Socorro. — De I'lsle, Carte Mex. et 

 Floride, 1703. Nra del Socorro.— Otermin (1682) 

 cited by Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 191, 1889. 

 N. Senora del Socorro. — Jett'erys, Am. .\tlas, map 5, 

 1776. Nuestra Senora del Socorro. — Vetancurt(1696) 

 in Tedtro Mex., iii, 309, 1871. Soccorro. — Villa- 

 Senor, Theatro-Am., ii, 360, 1748. Socoro.— Cal- 

 houn in Gal. Me.ss. and Corresp., 211, 18.50. So- 

 corro. — Rivera, Diario, leg. 684, 1736. Socorro del 

 Sur. — Bandelier in Arch., Inst. Papers, iii, 86, 1890. 



Soda Creek. A Shuswap village or band 

 situated on upper Fraser r. between Alex- 

 andria and the mouth of Chilcotin r., Brit. 

 Col. ; pop. 81 in 1909.— Can. Ind. Aff. Reps. 



Sodoms. An Iroquois village placed on 

 the Esnauts and Rapilly map, 1777, s. w. 

 of Oswego, N. Y. The name is probably a 

 misprint of Sodus. 



Soenadut. A Maricopa rancheria on the 

 Rio Gila, Ariz., in 1744. — Sedelmair 

 (1744) cited bv Bancroft, Ariz, and 

 N. Mex., 366, 1889. 



Sofki, Sofkey. A thin sour corn gruel 

 prepared by the Creek and other Indians 

 formerly of the Gulf region, from corn, 

 water, and lye. There are three kinds 

 of the liquid: plain, sour, and white. The 

 corn is pounded into a coarse meal, which 

 is fanned in order to remove the broken 

 grains and husks. Two quarts of the 

 meal are put into a gallon pot of hot 

 water, which is placed over a fire and 

 allowed to bail. A perforated vessel is 

 filled with clean wood ashes, on which 

 water is poured to form a lye. The lye as 

 it percolates through the ashes drops into 

 the meal and water and turns the mixture 

 yellow. Water is kept on the sqf/ci for 

 hours at a time, and, finally, after the 

 mixture has become very thick, it is re- 

 moved and allowed to cool. A half-dozen 

 "blue dumplings" (a very palatable 

 cornmeal preparation) are almost a nec- 

 essary accompaniment of a mug of sofki. 

 Pounded hickory-nuts are frequently 

 added to the mixture, and marrow too, 

 to improve the flavor. The vessel which 

 is used expressly for preparing the meal 



is called a ' ' sofki dish. ' ' The Yuchi name 



for sofki is tsoshi. The word is derived 

 from the Creek dialect of the Muskhogean 

 language. The Cherokee know it as ka- 

 nahena (Mooney). (w. r. g. ) 



Sogup. Given by Cortez (Pac. R. R. 

 Rep., Ill, pt. 3, 120, 1856) as one of 4 

 bands of the Ute, within or near the 

 province of New Mexico in 1799. 



Sohonut. Mentioned bv Royce (18th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 782, 1899), together with a 

 number of other tribes, as ceding all their 

 lands except a strip between Tejon pass 

 and Kern r., Cal. They may have been 

 Yokuts (Mariposan), Chumashan, or 

 Shoshonean, but are not identified. 



Soiones ('long wampum belt.' — 

 Hewitt). An Onondaga chief who was 

 leader of the embassy to the Hurons in 

 1647. He was a "Huron by nation, but 

 so naturalized among the enemies within 

 a number of years, that there is no Iro- 

 quois who has made more massacres in 

 this country nor worse attacks than he." 

 He brought three Huron captives from 

 Onondaga (Jes. Rel. 1648, 56, 1858). 



SokcMt. Seemingly the Yurok name 

 of a small Hupa village on Trinity r., Cal. 

 Soc-kail-kit.— McKee (1851) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 

 32d Cong., spec, sess., 194, 1853. Socktish. — A. L. 

 Kroeber, inf'n, 1907 (a name sometimes ap- 

 plied). Sokchit— Ibid.,1904. So-kea-keit— Gibbs 

 in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 139, 18.53. Sok-kail- 

 kit. — Meyer, Nach dem Sacramento, 282, 1865. 

 Soktich. -A. L.Kroeber, inf'n, 1907. 



Sokoki (apparently a contraction of Ab- 

 naki Sdkukiak, 'people at the outlet.' — 

 Gerard. See Ahnaki). A tribe closely 

 connected with the Abnaki and probably 

 a part of the confederacy. Vetromile 

 considered them as distinct (Me. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., VI, 211, 1859). He says: 

 "Only five nations are reckoned in New 

 England and Acadia, namely, the Mo- 

 hegans, the Sokocjuis, the Abnakis, the 

 Etchimins, and the Micmacs." He and 

 Ruttenber (Tribes Hudson R., 85, 1872) 

 place them in the Mahican group. On 

 the other hand, Williamson (Hist. Maine, 

 1832) and Maurault say they belonged to 

 the Abnaki group, which is probably the 

 correct conclusion. The Pequawket and 

 Ossipee, on the upper Saco, were appar- 

 ently branches of this tribe (Kidder in 

 Me. Hist. Soc. Coll., vi, 235, 1859). The 

 tribe, including these, occupied the banks 

 of Saco r.. Me., the Sokoki being nearest 

 to the mouth. Ruttenber believed they 

 had occupied the w. bank of Hudson r. 

 above Mohawk r. until driven out by the 

 Mohawk in 1626. There is no reason to 

 doubt, however, that the Indians Cham- 

 plain found in 1604 at the mouth of the 

 Saco, were of this tribe. Smith (1616) 

 mentions Sowocatuck, perhaps their chief 

 village. Champlain has preserved the 

 name of one of the sachems of this peo- 

 ple, Marchim, of Casco bay, "who had 



