BULL. 30] 



SOLDIER S VILLAGE SONGS 



615 



The youth entered the lowest and grad- 

 ually won promotion by his acts. Each 

 degree or order had its insignia, and there 

 were certain public duties to which it 

 could be assigned. Every duty was per- 

 formed without compensation, honor be- 

 ing the only reward. These societies were 

 under the control of war chiefs and exer- 

 cised much influence in tribal affairs. In 

 other tribes war honors were won through 

 the accomplishment of acts, all of which 

 were graded, each honor having its pecul- 

 iar mark orornament which the man could 

 wear after the right had been publicly ac- 

 corded him. There were generally six 

 grades of honors. It was from the highest 

 grade that the "soldier" spoken of above 

 was taken. See Coup, Military Societies, 

 War and War Discipline. (a. c. f. ) 



Soldier's Village. A Potawatomi vil- 

 lage, called after a chief, in n. Illinois in 

 1832.— Tippecanoe treaty (1832) in U. S. 

 Ind. Treat., 698, 1873. 



Soledad (Span, 'solitude,' 'eomfort- 

 lessness,' abbr. of Nuestra Senora de la 

 Soledad, 'Our Lady of Solitude'). 

 Formerly a Huichol village, but now a 

 Mexican settlement, situated about 15 

 m. N. w. of Mezquitic, beyond the present 

 limits of the Huichol country, in Jalisco, 

 Mexico. — Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., ii, 

 112, 1902. 



Soledad Indians. A collective term 

 used to designate the Indians of several 

 distinct linguistic families that lived with- 

 in the territory or under the authority of 

 Soledad mission, Monterey co., Cal. 

 They were Costanoan and probably Esse- 

 len and Salinan, together with Yokuts 

 neophytes brought from the region of 

 Tulare lake. 



La Soledad.— Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., vr, 633, 

 1846. Soledad.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 

 1860. 



Solocka. A town of mixed population, 

 under Oneida jurisdiction, situated, ac- 

 cording to Evans' map of 1756, about 60 

 m. above Shamokin, on a creek issuing 

 from the Great Swamp n. of the Cashue- 

 tunk mts. in Pennsylvania. On Pow- 

 nall's map of 1776 it is placed on the left 

 bank of the Susquehanna, above the 

 mouth of Tunkhannock cr. (j.n. b. h.) 



Somehnlitk (Sd^mexiditx). A Heiltsuk 

 tribe living at the upper end of Wikeno 

 lake, Brit. Col. ; the name is applied also 

 to one of its clans. — Boas in Nat. Mus. 

 Rep. 1895, 328, 1897. 



Somenos. A Salish tribe in Cowitchin 

 valley, s. e. Vancouver id., speaking the 

 Cowichan dialect; pop. 100 in 1909. 



Sa'menos. — Boas, MS., B. A. E., 1887. Soieenos. — 

 Can. Ind. Aff., Ix, 1877. So-me-nau.— Ibid., 308, 

 1879. Somenos.— Ibid., pt. ll, 164, 1901. 



Somhotnechau. A Wikeno village on 

 Rivers inlet, Brit. Col. 



Somhotnehau. — Boas, MS. field notes. Somxotne- 

 chau. — Boas in Petermanne Mitteil., pt. 5, 130, 

 1887. 



Somo. A former Chumashan village 

 near some hills of the same name in 

 Ventura CO., Cal. Cf. Simi. 

 Somes.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, July 24, 1863.— 

 Somo. — Ibid. S'o-mus+. — Henshaw, Buenaven- 

 tura MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884. 



Sona. Mentioned by Oviedo (Hist. 

 Gen. Indies, in, 628, 1853) as one of the 

 provinces or villages, probably on the 

 South Carolina coast, visited by Ayllon in 

 1520. 



Sonagna. A former Gabrieleno village 

 in Los Angeles co., Cal., at a locality 

 later called White's ranch.— Ried (1852) 

 quoted by Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 8, 

 1860. 



Sonaque. A former tribe noted by 

 Massanet (Dictamen Fiscal, MS., Nov. 30, 

 1716) on the road from Coahuila to the 

 Texas country in 1690. It was probably 

 of Coahuiltecan stock. 



Sonayan. A former tribe noted by 

 Massanet (Dictamen Fiscal, IMS., Nov. 30, 

 1716) on the road from Coahuila to the 

 Texas country in 1690. It was probably 

 of Coahuiltecan stock and possibly iden- 

 tical with the Kouyam (q. v.), or Koua- 

 yon, of Joutel. 



Soneto. A former village connected 

 with San Francisco Solano mission, Cal. — 

 Bancroft, Hist. Cal., ii, 506, 1886. 



Songish (adapted by the whites from 

 Stsd'nges, the name of one of their septs). 

 A Salish tribe about Victoria, Vancou- 

 ver id., and on the w. shore of San Juan 

 id., who call themselves Lkungen. This 

 tribe gives its name to a Salish dialect 

 spoken also by the Sanetch and Sooke of 

 Vancouver id., by the Clallam of the s. 

 side of Juan de Fuca str., and by the 

 Samish, Semiahmoo, and Lummi of the 

 coast s. of tiie Eraser delta. Population 

 of the Songish proper, including Cheerno, 

 Discovery id., Esquimalt, and Songish 

 bands, 182 in 1906. Those speaking the 

 Songish dialect number about 1,000. 

 Their bands are Chikauach, Chkungen, 

 Kekayaken, Kltlasen, Ksapsem, Kukoak, 

 Kukulek, Lelek, Sichanetl, Skingenes, 

 Skuingkung, and Stsanges. (j. k. s. ) 

 Etzamish. — Tolmie and Dawson, Vocabs. Brit. 

 Col., 119b, 18S4 (so called by the tribes of the s. 

 part of Tugetsd.). Hue-lang-uh,—Mackay quoted 

 by Dawson in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., s'ec. ii, 7, 

 1891 ( ' the people ': own name) . Iku'men. — Boas 

 in 6th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 11, 1890 (Xanaimo 

 name). LWmEn.— Boas in 6th Rep. N.W. Tribes 

 Can., 10, 1889. Lku'ngEn.— Ibid, (own name). 

 Iku 'fig En.— Boas, 6th Rep., 11, 1890. Lxungen.— 

 Boas, MS., B. A. E., 18s7. Songars.— Brit. Col. 

 map, Ind. Aff., Victoria, 1872 (given as a settle- 

 ment N. of Victoria). Songees.— Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, July 19, 1862. Songhies.— Mayne, Brit. 

 Col., 73, 1862. Songish. — Hoffman quoted by Pow- 

 ell in 6th Rep. B. A. E., xlii, 18SS. Thongeith.— 

 Sproat, Savage Life, 311, 316, 1868 (an alterna- 

 tive for Kowitchan as the designation of the 

 Salish of Vancouver id.). Tsaumas. — Wilson in 

 Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., 278, 1866. Tsaumass.— 

 Ibid., 286. Tsong.— Gibbs in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 

 I. 177, 1877. 



Songs. See Music and Musical instru- 

 ments; Nith-songs. 



