628 



SPUKPUKOLEMK SQUAM 



[b. a. e. 



3 ft from the floor. The roof covering is 

 cedar bast, and clay hardened b}^ stamping. 



The dwelling rooms are circular, rec- 

 tangular, and triangular in form, arranged 

 in rows or clusters near the kivas, gen- 

 erally inclosing plazas or dance places. 

 Some of the rooms have fireplaces, doors, 

 windows, and plastered floors. The roofs 

 of several rooms are as well preserved as 

 when first constructed. In the rear of 

 the dwelling rooms are found storage 

 places and granaries. Some of these back 

 rooms had their entrances closed and 

 sealed, and were used as ossuaries, or 

 intramural receptacles for the dead, while 

 the village was inhabited. In addition 

 to the kivas there are two other rooms 

 that may have served for ceremonial pur- 

 poses; these have no pedestals or roof 

 supports, and are not subterranean. 

 The walls of both the kivas and the 

 dwelling rooms are plastered, and deco- 

 rated with colored designs, among the lat- 

 ter being representations of birds, moun- 

 tain-sheep, butterflies, and rain-clouds. 



In the rear of the ruin there are two 

 large open spaces inclosed by walls of 

 buildings. These are dark, and the floors 

 were covered with debris containing many 

 relics of the fdrnier inhabitants. A well- 

 preserved mummy of an adult wrapped in 

 cloth, in a sitting position, with knees 

 brought to the chin, is said to have been 

 found in this debris. There are also frag- 

 ments of calcined human bones, indicating 

 cremation. Three infants partially mum- 

 mified and the skeleton of an adult were 

 buried under the floor of one of the 

 rooms. From the position of the skele- 

 tons it is supposed that intramural in- 

 terments were made at different periods. 

 Beautiful specimens of black-and-white 

 pottery, fine cloth made of agave and 

 cotton fibers, basketry, lignite gorgets. 



priate explanations of doubtful structures 

 provided. There are several fine groups 

 of pictographs and two ancient Rtairways 

 cut into the cliffs in its vicinity. 



SPRUCE-TREE HOUSE, BEFORE REPAIR 



and stone and wooden objects have been 

 found. The rooms of Spruce-tree House 

 were cleaned out and their fallen walls 

 repaired under direction of the Secretary 

 of the Interior, in 1908. All the rooms 

 were numbered and labeled, and appro- 



SPRUCE-TREE HOUSE, AFTER REPAIR, 1908 



Consult Birdsall in Bull. Am. Geog. 

 Soc, XXIII, no. 4, 584, 1891; Chapinin Ap- 

 palachia, May, 1890; Fewkes, (1) Antiq. 

 Mesa Verde Nat. Park, Bull. 41, B. A. E., 

 1909; (2) Report to Sec. Int., 1909; H. R. 

 Rep. 3703, 58th Cong., 3d sess., 1905; 

 Nordenskiold, Cliff Dwellers of Mesa 

 Verde, 1893. (j. w. f.) 



Spukpukolemk (SpuQpuQd^lEmQ). A 

 band of the Nuhalk, a subdivision of the 

 Bellacoola on the coast of British Colum- 

 bia. 



Ma'lakyilatl.— Boas in 7th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 

 3, 1891 (secret society name). SpuQpuQo'lEmy. — 

 Ibid. 



Sputnishkeni ('at the diving place'). 

 A INIodoc settlement or camping place on 

 Lower Klamath lake, n. Cal. So called 

 because frequented by young men for the 

 purpose of plunging into the water as a 

 part of their initiation ceremonies. 

 Sputuishxe'ni. — Gatschet in Cont. N. A. Ethnol,, 

 II, pt. I, xxxii, 1890. 



Spuzzum ('little flat.' — Teit). The near- 

 est to the sea of the important towns of 

 the Ntlakyapamuk, lying on the w. side 

 of Fraser r., Brit. Col., 9 m. above Yale, 

 2 m. below Spuzzum station, Canadian 

 Pacific R. R., and 110 m. from the Pacific. 

 Pop. 156 in 1909. 



Cpu'zum. — Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Surv. Can., 5, 

 1S99. Spo'zem.— Teit in Mem. Am. Nat. Hist., ii, 

 169, 1900. Spuggum.— Can. Ind. AtY., 196, 1885 (mis- 

 print). Spu'zum. — Hill-Tout, op. cit. Spuzzam. — 

 Can. Ind. AfE., 269, 1889. Spuzzum.— Ibid., pt. II, 

 164, 1901. 



Squacum. A band of Salish, probably 

 of the Ntlakyapamuk, in British Colum- 

 bia.— Can. Ind. Aff., 79, 1878. 



Squam. A yellow oilskin hat worn by 

 sailors and fishermen ( Stand. Diet. , 1895 ) , 

 from Annisquam, the name of a village 

 in Essex co., Mass. One of the tradi- 

 tional significations of this name is 'top of 

 a rock,' for which Eliot gives, in the Mas- 

 sachuset dialect of Algonquian, wanash- 

 quonipskqut (quoted by Trumbull, Natick 

 Diet., 181, 1903), the first component of 

 which is wanashque, 'on the top of,' the 



