BULL. 30] 



SULIGA SUN DANCE 



649 



Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab., B. 

 A. E., 1884. 



Suliga. An unidentified village in cen- 

 tral Florida, lat. 28° 30^, near a small 

 lake. — Bartram, Voy., i, map, 1799. 



Sulujame. A tribe, apparently Coa- 

 huiltecan, which was represented at San 

 Antonio de Valero mission, Texas, as 

 early as 1726 and as late as 1741. Their 

 Coahuiltecan affiliation is inferred from 

 their close association with the Xarame 

 and the Patagua. (h. e. b. ) 



Chrelejan. — Valero Baptisms, partida 678, 1747, 

 MS. Chulajam.— Ibid., partida 331, 1731. Chula- 

 jame. — Ibid., partida 448, 1738. Chuluaam, — Ibid., 

 partida 351, 1731. Sulajame.— Ibid., partida 157, 

 1726. Zolajan.— Ibid. .partida 23(3, 1728. Zolojan.— 

 Ibid., partida 96, 1729. Ztolam.— Ibid., partida 

 219,1728. Zulaja.— Valero Marriages, partida 135, 

 1736. Zulajan.— Ibid., partida 150, 1740. 



Sulu-stins (Su^lusti7is). A former Haida 

 town of the Do-gitunai family, on the e. 

 coast of Hippa id.. Queen Charlotte ids., 

 Brit. Col. 



Skao nAns. — Swanton, Cont. Haida, 281, 1905. 

 Sulu stins. — Ibid. 



Suma. A semi-nomadic tribe, one branch 

 of which formerly occupied the region of 

 the Casas Grandes in Chihuahua, Mexico, 

 and the other the vicinity of El Paso, 

 Tex. The latter are mentioned in 1659, 

 under the name Zumanas, as forming 

 part of the mission population of San 

 Lorenzo (q. v. ), but the name Sumas is 

 used by Benavides as early as 1630. 

 Vetancurt {ca. 1696) speaks also of the 

 Zumas and Zumanas as living somewhat 

 below El Paso, and Bandelier apparently 

 classifies the former at least as the Suma. 

 The names Zumanas and Jumanos seem 

 to have been confused. At the instiga- 

 tion of the Pueblo Indians taken from 

 the N. to El Paso by Gov. Otermin when 

 retreating from Santa Fe, N. Mex., dur- 

 ing the Pueblo revolt of 1680, this branch 

 of the Suma became hostile to the whites 

 and induced the friendly Mansos to join 

 them, with their confederates the Jano, 

 in their outbreak of 1684. The Spaniards 

 succeeded in reducing them two years 

 later, forming them into several settle- 

 ments about El Paso, but San Lorenzo 

 was the only one that endured. In 1744 

 the tribe comprised 50 families; in 1765 

 only 21 families remained, the decrease in 

 population being doubtless due to small- 

 pox. Only one of the tribe was known to 

 be living (at Senecu, Mexico) in 1897. 



The mission of Casas Grandes was es- 

 tablished among the southern branch of 

 the tribe about 1664. At this time and 

 for many years later they confederated 

 with the Apache and Jocome in their 

 depredations against the Piman tribes to 

 their westward, particularly the Opata. 

 The extermination of the Suma was prob- 

 ably due to Apache hostility. Accord- 

 ing to Orozco y Berra (p. 327) they spoke 

 the Piro dialect, but there seems to be 



no warrant for this classification, and 

 their linguistic affinities are not known. 

 See Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, 

 86-91, 1890. (f. w. h.) 



Bumas. — Doc. of 18th cent, quoted by Bandelier in 

 Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 525, 1893 (misprint). 

 Sumas. — Benavides, Memorial, 7, 1630. Sumes. — 

 Linschoten, Descr. de I'Amer., map 1, 1638. 

 Sunas. — Ribas (1645) quoted by Bandelier in Arch. 

 Inst. Papers, in, 89, 1890. Yuinas.— Arlegui 

 (1660-65) quoted by Bandelier, ibid., (misprint). 

 Zumanas.— Garcia de San Francisco (1659) quoted 

 by Bandelier, ibid., 87 (distinct from .Jumanos). 

 Zumas.— Vetancurt (1696) in Teatro Mex., in, 308, 

 1871; 18th cent. doc. quoted by Bandelier in 

 Arch. Inst. Papers, iii, 88, 1890. 



Sumass. A Cowichan tribe on the lake 

 and river of the same name, which 

 are tributary to lower Frazer r., Brit. 

 Col. Until 1894 three divisions or vil- 

 lages called by this name, and numbered 

 1, 2, and 3, appeared in the reports of 

 the Canadian Department of Indian 

 Affairs, having populations, respectively, 

 of 30, 57, and 53 in 1893. Their total 

 number in 1909 was given as 50. 

 Sema9.— Boas, MS., B. A. E., 1887. Smess.— Mayne, 

 Brit. Col., 295, 1862. Sumas.— Can. Ind. Aff., 300, 

 1893. Sumass.— Ibid., 160, 1901. Su-mat-se.— Fitz- 

 hugh in U. S. Ind. Aff. Rep. 1857, 328, 1858. 



Sumaun. Given as a Karok village on 

 Klamath r., n. w. Cal., inhabited in 1860. 

 Sum-maun.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Mar. 23, 1860. 



Sumdum. A small Tlingit tribe occu- 

 pying a village of the same name at Port 

 Houghton, Alaska. The population was 

 150 in 1868, but is now only about 60. 

 Sitkoedi is a social division. (j. e. s. ) 

 Samdan. — Kane, Wand, in N. A., app., 1859. 

 Slaoda'n. — Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904. 

 Soundun.— Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 32, 1884. 

 Sumdum. — Porter in 11th Census, Alaska, 3, 1893. 

 Sundowns.— Scott in Ind. Aff. Rep., 314, 1868. 



Sumpitan. See Bloivgun. 



Sunananahogwa ( Su-nu-na^ na-ho^-gwa). 

 A Paviotso tribe formerly on Reese r., cen- 

 tral Nevada. — Powell, Paviotso MS., 

 B. A. E., 1881. • 



Sunchaque. A former village, presum- 

 ably Costanoan, connected with Dolores 

 mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Taylor in 

 Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Sun dance. The Sun dance was a cere- 

 mony confined to the Plains tribes. It 

 was performed by the Arapaho, Chey- 

 enne, Siksika, and Cree of Algonquian 

 stock; the Dakota, Assiniboin, Mandan, 

 Crows, Ponca, and Omaha of Siouan stock; 

 'the Pawnee of Caddoan stock; the Kiowa; 

 and the Shoshoni and Ute of Shoshonean 

 stock. In its ceremonial forms the Sun 

 dance of all these tribes seems related, 

 and it may be regarded as a summer 

 solstice ceremony, though in many tribes 

 this element is largely or entirely ob- 

 scured. The fundamental object of the 

 ceremony seems to have been the over- 

 coming of certain cosmic elements. 



In all of the tribes the ritual is subor- 

 dinated to the drama; the former never 

 predominates, as it does in the star cult of 

 the Pawnee ceremonies. The ritual, 



