BDLL. 30] 



SUSK SUSQUEHANNA 



653 



of the Mishikhwutmetunne formerly re- 

 siding near the head of Coquille r., Oreg. 

 Suol-ta'-qo-t'^a' ^unne'. — Dorsey in Jour. Am. 

 Folk-lore, in, 232, 1890. 



Susk. More correctly Sisk, the Haida 

 name for Frederick id., off the n. w. coast 

 of Graham id., Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. 

 Col. Dawson (Q.Charlottelds., 171, 1880) 

 wrongly supposed it to be the name of a 

 town as well, hia informants probably 

 referring to Te, which once stood on the 

 mainland opposite. (j. r. s.) 



Suski. The Coyote clan of Zuni pueblo, 

 N. Mex. 



Suski-kwe.— Gushing in 13th Rep. B. A. E., 368, 

 1896 (tH'e=' people') 



Susksoyiks ( ' band with hairy mouths ' ) . 

 A band of the Piegan tribe of the Siksika, 

 probably extmct. 



Sus-kso'-yiks,— Havden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. 

 Val., 264, 1862. 



Susolas. A tribe seen by Cabeza de 

 Vaca (Smith's trans., 72, 84, 1851) dur- 

 ing his sojourn in Texas in 1527-34, that 

 lived opposite the Atayos (Toho?), with 

 whom they were at war. During the sea- 

 son of gathering prickly-pears they were 

 associated with other tribes of the vicinity 

 which spoke different tongues. So far 

 as known the tribe is extinct. 

 Lusolas. — Cabefa de Vaca, op. cit., 72. Susolas. — 

 Ibid., 121. Susoles.— Davis, Span. Conq. N. Mex., 

 82, 1869. 



Susquehanna. A town and a tribe of 

 the Iroquoian stock, situated in 1608 on 

 the lower portion of the Susquehanna r. 

 and its affluents. The original form of 

 the name used by Capt. John Smith was 

 SasqtiesahannocJcs in his text and Sasque- 

 sahanough on his map. He first heard 

 the name from Tockwock, Nanticoke, or 

 Powhatan speakers of the Algonquian 

 tongue, while exploring the waters of 

 upper Chesapeake bay and its affluents, as 

 the designation of a mighty people who 

 dwelt on the Susquehanna two days jour- 

 ney "higher than our barge could pass 

 for rocks." Of this people Smith wrote: 

 "Such great and well-proportioned men 

 are seldom seen, for they seemed likegiants 

 to the English, yea to their neighbors;" 

 also that they were scarcely known to 

 Powhatan, could muster nearly 600 able 

 men, and lived in palisaded towns to de- 

 fend themselves from the "Massawo- 

 meckes, their mortal enemies. ' ' Meeting 

 at the head of the bay 60 of their war- 

 riors, five of their chiefs did not hesitate 

 to V)oard his barge. Although in his text 

 Smith does not mention the names of 

 any Susquehanna towns, he nevertheless 

 places on his map 6 towns with "king's 

 houses" under the general rubric "Sas- 

 quesahanough." The six are Sasquesa- 

 hanough, Quadroque, Attaock, Tesinigh, 

 Utchowig, and Cepowig. It is difficult to 

 locate these towns correctlj^ on a modern 

 map; the foregoing names are evidently 

 highly conventionalized forms of the origi- 



nal native terms. Unfortunately Smith 

 furnishes but little information regarding 

 these people beyond a description of their 

 bearing, size, and implements, and a gen- 

 eral statement as to their habitat and their 

 enemies, the most formidable of the lat- 

 ter being the famous "Massawomeckes." 



Alsop (1666) says that the Christian in- 

 habitants of Maryland regarded the Sus- 

 quehanocksas "the most noble and heroic 

 nation of Indians that dwell upon the 

 confines of America," and that the other 

 Indians " by a submissive and tributary 

 acknowledgment" held them in like es- 

 teem, for he adds that being for the most 

 part great warriors, they "seldom sleep 

 one summer in the quiet arms of a peace- 

 ful rest, but keep (by their present power, 

 as well as by their former conquest) the 

 several nations of Indians round about 

 them, in a forceable obedience and sub- 

 jection." He declares also that men, 

 women, and children in both summer 

 and winter went practically naked; that 

 they painted their faces in red, green, 

 white, and black stripes; that their skins 

 were naturally light in color, but were 

 changed to a dark cinnamon hue "by the 

 several dyeings of roots and barks"; that 

 the hair of the head was black, long, 

 and coarse, but that the hair growing on 

 other parts of the body was removed by 

 pulling it out hair by hair; that some 

 tattooed their bodies, breasts, and arms 

 with outlines of beasts and other objects. 



Hitherto no information concerning a 

 clan system among the Susquehanna has 

 been available in ethnologic literature; 

 but in the Proceedings of the Council of 

 Maryland for 1636-1667 (pp. 421, 550) 

 the names of the "Sassqsahannough" 

 chiefs and delegates, and also those of 

 the several clans to which they belonged, 

 appear in the minutes of a treaty con- 

 cluded at Spes Utia, May 16, 1661, in 

 behalf of the Lord Proprietary of Mary- 

 land and of the Susquehanna Indians, 

 and at a conference held at St Johns, 

 June 29, 1666. The names of the Sus- 

 quehanna delegates to the former were: 

 "Dahadaghesa of the great Torripine 

 family, Sarangararo of the Wolf family, 

 Waskanecqua of the Ohongeoquena na- 

 tion, Kagoregago of the Unquehiett na- 

 tion, Saraqundett of the Kaiquariegahaga 

 nation, Uwhanhierelera of the Usququ- 

 haga nation, and Waddon hago of the 

 Sconondihago nation; but among the 

 signatures appears the name Andra 

 Sonque without that of his clan or na- 

 tion. It was at this treaty that the Mary- 

 land authorities agreed to send 50 soldiers 

 to aid the Susquehanna against the 

 Seneca (here called Cynaco, Nayssone, 

 or Naijssone), in consequence of which 

 Capt. Odber was ordered to cause some 

 " spurs and flankes " to be laid out for 



