664 



SYPOUEIA TABEGU ACHE 



[b. a. e. 



nifies the bestowal of vigor, playing cat's- 

 cradle symbolizes capture of the sun, 

 success in gambling symbolizes the suc- 

 cess of the plaj'er in other undertakings. 

 In many cases the objects used in rituals 

 are themselves symbols. On the n. Pa- 

 cific coast, cedar-bark dyed red is the 

 symbol of the winter-dance; cedar-bark 

 undyed, the symbol of purification; the 

 skin head-dress, that of the summer sea- 

 son; among the Pawnee the corn sym- 

 bolizes "the omniscience which the 

 earth is believed to possess" (Fletcher 

 in 22d Rep. B. A. E., 289, 1904). The 

 flat pipe of the Arapaho, the sacred 

 bundles of the Plains Indians, the sacred 

 objects of the Pueblos — all are symbols 

 of supernatural powers or of supernat- 

 ural beings (see Palladium). Among 

 those tribes that possess an elaborate sys- 

 tematized cult, the symbolism of rituals 

 is often highly developed; so much so, 

 that the whole ritual may represent elab- 

 orate mythical concepts. 



In magic, purely symbolic actions are 

 not so frequent. A symbolic action per- 

 formed on an object connected in some 

 real or imaginary material way with the 

 person or animal to be affected contains 

 a new psychological element not present 

 in the concept of symbolism. The swing- 

 ing of a bullroarer in which is contained 

 a hair of the person to be affected, and 

 which is believed to produce dizziness, is 

 a case of sympathy rather than of sym- 

 bolism, although it contains clearly a 

 symbolic element. 



Whether or not mythology may be 

 considered as primarily symbolic is a 

 question difficult to decide. If myths, in 

 their original forms, are attempts to ex- 

 plain nature, they must have contained 

 important symbolic elements; but the 

 present condition of American mythol- 

 ogy, even among those tribes that pos- 

 sess an elaborate systematic mythology, 

 does not favor this theory. The sym- 

 bolic significance of the myth seems 

 rather adventitious than primary, in the 

 same manner in which the symbolic sig- 

 nificance of decorative art seems more 

 often rather adventitious than due to a 

 development from realistic form to con- 

 ventional form. In many cases the pri- 

 mary element seems to be the tale; the 

 adventitious element, the symbolic inter- 

 pretation of the tale. It seems that with 

 the strong growth of ritual and its sym- 

 bolic actions the symbolic significance of 

 mythology develops, and that the priests 

 in charge of rituals are largely responsi- 

 ble for the wealth of symbolism of the 

 mythology of the southern plains and of 

 the Pueblo region. In all other cases 

 American myths seem to be taken in a 

 remarkably matter-of-fact way. 



It appears, therefore, that American 

 symbolism is much more a phenomenon 



of action than of opinion ; that it develops 

 most strongly in artistic productions and 

 in religious rites. (f. b. ) 



Sypouria. An unidentified Southern 

 "nation" and river, perhaps mythical. 

 The Sypouria r. is marked on Coxe's map 

 (Carolana, 12, 1741) as a w. affluent of 

 the Meschacebe (Mississippi), joining it 

 below the territory of the Mosopelea tribe, 

 and 15 leagues above Chongue r. , which 

 flows into it from the e. The name is 

 possiblyanother form of Mosopelea (q. v.). 



Ta {T!d, 'chiton' [?]). A Haida town 

 formerly on the e. coast of North id.. 

 Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. Col. It is 

 said to have been occupied by a small 

 family called, after the name of the place, 

 Taahl-lanas. — Swanton, Cont. Haida, 281, 

 1905. 



Ta ( 'grass' ) . A clan of the Tewa pueblos 

 of San Juan, Nambe, and Tesuque, JS^. 

 Mex., and of Hano, Ariz. 

 Ta,— Fewkes in Am. Anthr., vii, 166, 1894. Ta- 

 tdoa.— Hodge, ibid., ix, 351, 1896 (<doa='people'). 

 Ta-towa. — Fewkes, op. cit. 



Ta('deer'). The second Kansa gens. 

 Ta,— Dorsey in 15th Kep. B. A. E., 230, 1897. Ta- 

 we-ka-she'-ga, — Morgan, Anc. Soc, 156, 1877. 

 Wajaje. — Dorsey, op. cit. 



Taa {TCi'-a, 'maize'). A clan of the 

 Zmii, said to have been formed bj- the 

 union of a traditional Ataa, or Seed peo- 

 ple, with the 6 former Corn clans of the 

 Zuiii. 



Ta'a-kwe.— Gushing in Millstone, ix, 2, Jan. 1884; 

 56, Apr. 1884 (fcwe = 'people'). Taatem'hlanah- 

 kwe.— Cashing in 13th Rep_. B^ A. E., 386, 1896 

 ( = ' people of all seed'). To-wa-que.— Stevenson 

 in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 541, 1887. 



Taahl-Ianas ( 'the people of the town of 

 Ta'). An extinct Haida family which 

 formerly lived on North id.. Queen 

 Charlotte ids., Brit. Col. See Ta. 

 TIa'al,— Swanton, Coot. Haida, 276, 1905. 



Tabagane, Tabaganne. See Toboggan. 



Tabahtea, A Porno division, or proba- 

 bly a village, in 1851, w. of the Shanel, in 

 s. Mendocino CO., Cal., and speaking the 

 same language. — Gibbs (1851) in School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, iii, 112, 1853. 



Tabeguacbe ( contr. of Mo-a-toa-ta-ve- 

 tvach, ' people living on the warm side of 

 the mountain.' — Hrdlicka). A Ute divi- 

 sion formerly living in s. w. Colorado, 

 chiefly about Los Pinos. In 1885 there 

 were 1,252 under the name at Ouray 

 agency, e. Utah. They are now ofl&cially 

 designated Uncompahgre Utes, and in 

 1909 numbered 469 under the Uinta and 

 Ouray agency, Utah. 



Mo-a-wa-ta-ve-wach,— A. Hrdlicka, inf'n, 1907 

 (own name). Pauches. — Bancroft. Ariz, and N. 

 Mex., 665, 1889 (or Tabuaches). Pobawotche 

 Utahs.— Collins (1859) In H. R. Ex. Doc. 69, 36th 

 Cong., l.st sess., 46. 1860. Sun-hunters.— Burton, 

 City of Saints, 578, 1861. Tabaguache,— Smithson. 

 Misc. Coll., XIV, art. 6, 40, 1878. Tabahuaches. — 

 Taylor in Cal. Farmer, May 29, 1863. Tabechya.— 

 Burton, op. cit., 678. Tabeguache Utahs. — U. S. 

 Stat, at Large, xiv, 275, 1868. Tabeguachis.— 

 Mayer, Mexico, ii, 38, 1853. Tabegwaches.— Mor- 

 gan, Consang.and Affin.,290, 1871. Tabehuachils. — 

 Dominguez and Escalante (1776) in Doc. Hist. 

 Mex., 2a s., I, 401, 1854. Tabe-naches.— Graves in 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 386, 1854. Tabequache,— Taylor in 



