674 



TAKESTINA TAKIKETAK 



[b. a. e. 



sure provided with traps. For winter 

 use roasted salmon and cakes of camas 

 and deer fat were stored away. The 

 main utensils were a great variety of 

 baskets (used for grinding acorns, sifting, 

 cooking, carrying burdens, storage, as 

 food receptacles, and for many other pur- 

 poses), constructed generally by twining 

 on a hazel warp. Horn, bone, and wood 

 served as material for various imple- 

 ments, as spoons, needles, and root- 

 diggers. Stone was hardly used except 

 in the making of arrowheads and pestles. 

 The house, quadrangular in shape and 

 partly underground, was constructed of 

 hewn timber and was provided with a 

 central fireplace, a smoke-hole in the 

 roof, and a raised door from which en- 

 trance was had by means of a notched 

 ladder. The sweat-house, holding about 

 six, was also a plank structure, though 

 smaller in size; it was reserved for the 

 men. 



In clothing and personal adornment 

 the Takelma differed but little from the 

 tribes of n. California, red-headed-wood- 

 pecker scalps and the basket caps of the 

 women being perhaps the most charac- 

 teristic articles. Facial painting in red, 

 black, and white was common, the last- 

 named color denoting war. Women tat- 

 tooed the skin in three stripes; men 

 tattooed the left arm with marks serving 

 to measure various lengths of strings of 

 dentalia. 



In their social organization the Takelma 

 were exceedingly simple, the village, 

 small in size, being the only important 

 sociological unit; no sign of totemism or 

 clan groupings has been found. The 

 chieftaincy was only slightly developed, 

 wealth forming the chief claim to social 

 recognition. Feuds were settled through 

 the intervention of a " go-between ' ' hired 

 by the aggrieved party. Marriage was 

 entirely a matter of purchase of the bride 

 and was often contracted for children or 

 even infants by their parents. The bride 

 was escorted with return presents by her 

 relatives to the bridegroom's house; on 

 the birth of a child an additional price 

 was paid to her father. Though no law 

 of exogamy prevailed beyond the pro- 

 hibition of marriage of near kin, marriage 

 was probably nearly always outside the 

 village. Polygamy, as a matter of wealth, 

 was of course found; the levirate pre- 

 vailed. Corpses were disposed of by 

 burial in the ground, objects of value 

 being strewn over the grave. 



No great ceremonial or ritual develop- 

 ment was attained by the Takelma. The 

 first appearance of salmon and acorns, 

 the coming to maturity of a girl, shaman- 

 istic performances, and the war dance 

 were probably the chief occasions for 

 ceremonial activity. Great influence was 

 exercised by the shamans, to whose 



malign power death was generally 

 ascribed. Differing from the shamans 

 were the dreamers, who gained their 

 power from an entirely different group 

 of supernatural beings and who were 

 never thought to do harm. Character- 

 istic of the Takelma was the use of a con- 

 siderable number of charms or medicine 

 formulas addressed to various animal and 

 other spirits and designed to gain their 

 favor toward the fulfilment of some de- 

 sired event or the warding off of a threat- 

 ened evil. The most characteristic myths 

 are the deeds of the culture-hero (Daldal) 

 and the pranks of Coyote. For further 

 information, consult Sapir (1) in Am. 

 Anthr., ix, no. 2, 1907; (2) in Jour. Am. 

 Folk-lore, xx, 33, 1907; (3) Takelma 

 Texts, Anthr. Pub. Univ. Pa. Mus., ii, 

 no. 1, 1909. (e. s.) 



Da«gelmaSn.— Sapir in Am. Anthr., ix, 252, 1907 

 ('those living alongside the river,' i. e. Rogue r.: 

 own name) . Kyu'-kutc hitclum.— Dorsey, A Isea MS. 

 vocab., B. A.E., 18^4 (' people far down the stream 

 [or country]': Alsea name). Na-tcte ^unne. — 

 Dorsey, Naitunnetunne MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884 

 (Naltunne name). Rogue River. — Dorsey, Ta- 

 kelma MS. vocab., B. A. E., 18S4 (name given by 

 people in Oregon). Ta-j^el'-ma.— Dorsev in Jour. 

 Am. Folk-lore, in, 234, 1890. Takilma.— Gatschet 

 in Mag. Am. Hist., viii, 257, 18S2. Upper Rogue 

 River Indians. — Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 

 III, 234, 1890. 



Takestina. A Tlingit division at Chil- 

 kat, Alaska, belonging to the Wolf phra- 

 try. They are said to have lost their 

 way, while migrating northward, in the 

 channel behind Wrangell id. (Taqsi^t), 

 whence they came to be called the Taqsi^'t 

 nation (Taqestina^). (j. r. s.) 



takastina.— Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 116, 1885. 



Takfwelottine ( ' people of the living 

 waters ' ) . A tribe or band of the Thling- 

 chadinne dwelling s. e. of Great Bear 

 lake and at the source of Coppermine r., 

 Mackenzie Ter., Canada. Petitot de- 

 scribes them as kindly, jovial, and reli- 

 gious. When he went among them, in 

 1865, there were (iOshamans for 600 people. 

 T'akfwel-ottine.— Petitot, Diet. DeneDindjie, xx, 

 1876. T'akkwel-ottine.— Petitot in Bull. Soc. de 

 G6og. Paris, chart, 1875. Tpa-kfwele-pottine.— Peti- 

 tot, Autourdu lacdesEsclaves, 363, 1891. Tpathel- 

 ottine.— Pelitot, MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1865. 



Takhaiya. A former Kuitsh village on 

 lower Umpqua r., Oreg. 

 Ta-qai'-ya. — Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 

 231, 1890. 



Takhchapa ('deer head'). A band of 

 the Miniconjou Sioux. 



Tahca-pa.— Riggs in The Word Carrier, June- 

 Julv 1889. Tar-co-eh-parch. — Lewis and Clark 

 (1806) in Am. State Pap., Ind. AfF., I, 715, 1832. 

 Tar-co-eh-parh.— Lewis and Clark, Discov., 34, 

 1806. 



Takhuhayuta ('eat the scrapings of 

 hides ' ) . A band of the Yanktonai Sioux. 

 TaHuha-yuta.— Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 218, 

 1897. Taquha-yuta.— Ibid. 



Takiketak. A Kuskwogmiut Eskimo 

 village on the e. shore of Kuskokwim 

 bay, Alaska. Pop. 21 in 1880. 



Takikatagamute.— Nelson quoted by Baker, Geog. 

 Diet, .\laska, 1902. Takiketagamute,— PetrofE in 

 10th Census, Alaska, 17, 1884. 



