692 



TAPOUARO TAEAHUMARE 



[b. a. b. 



federated with the Chickasaw, and ac- 

 cording to Le Page du Pratz spoke the 

 same language. They occupied 25 cabins 

 in 1730. (a. s. G.) 



Tacoposcas. — Williams, Ter. Florida, 175, IgST. 

 Tacusas,— McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, in, 

 80, 1854. Tapguchas,— Jefferys, Am. Atlas, map 7, 

 1776. Tapoosas. — Keane in Stanford, Compend., 

 637, 1878. Taposa.— Iberville (1699) in Margry, 

 D6c., IV, 180, 1880. Tapouchas.— Jefferys, Fr. Dom. 

 Am., 135, map, 1761. Tapousas. — Rafinesque in 

 Marshall, Ky., i, introd., 30, 1824. Tapousoas.— 

 Boudinot, Star in the West, 129, 1816. Tapoussas,— 

 Du Pratz, La., ii, 226, 1758. Tapowsas.— Du Pratz 

 misquoted by Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist. 

 See. Coll., 2ds., II, 15, 1814. 



Tapouaro. A division of the Illinois 

 confederacy in 1681. — La Salle (1681) in 

 Margry, Dec, ii, 201, 1877. 



Tappan (of uncertain meaning). A 

 tribe or band of the Unami division of 

 the Delawares, formerly occupying the 

 w. bank of Hudson r. in Rockland co., 

 N. Y., and Bergen co., N. J. They also 

 claimed land on Staten id. 

 Tapanses,— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, VI, 116, 1857 

 (from Tappansee, the bay in Hudson r. named 

 by the Dutch from this tribe). Tappaan,— Deed 

 of 1657 in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., xiv, 393, 1883. 

 Tappaanes.— De Laet, Nov. Orb., 72, 1633. Tap- 

 paen.— De Vries (1639) quoted by Ruttenber, Ind. 

 Geog. Names, 118, 1906. Tappans.— Map of 1614 in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., I, 1856. Tappen.— Lovelace 

 (1669) quoted by Ruttenljer, Tribes Hudson R., 

 68, 1872. Tappensees.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 VI, 147, 1857 (from Tappansee). Tappents. — Was- 

 fienaar (1632) quoted by Ruttenber, op. cit., 71. 



Taqwayaum. A Ntlakyapamuk village 

 on P>aser r., Brit. Col., below North bend; 

 pop. 73 in 1901, when last reported. 



Taqwayaum.— Can. Ind. Aff., pt. it, 164, 1901. 

 Takuyaum.— Ibid., 1893, 301, 18S4. Tkkoeau'm.— 

 Hill-Tout in Rep. Ethnol. Surv. Can., 5, 1899. 

 Tkuayaum.— Can. Ind. Aff. 1892, 312, 1893. Tquay- 

 auni.— Ibid., 230, 1886. Tquayum.— Ibid., 277, 1894. 

 Tqwayaum.— Ibid., 1898, 418, 1899. 



Tara5ones. Mentioned by Barcia (En- 

 sayo, 272, 1723) as a people in the region 

 of Texas where La Salle was killed. 

 Probably Caddo, though Barcia, by the 

 name he gives them, seems to connect 

 them with the Faraon Apache. 



Taraha. A tribe or village mentioned 

 by Douay in 1687 as situated n. e. of the 

 Quanoatino, which was really the Caddo 

 name of Red r. of Texas. This section 

 was within the territory of the southern 

 Caddoan group, to which the Taraha 

 may possibly have belonged. 



Tarahuinare (Hispanized form of the 

 native name Raldmari, of obscure mean- 

 ing, but probably signifying 'foot-run- 

 ners.' — Lumholtz). A tribe of the Piman 

 family, occupying a territory extending 

 from about lat. 26° to 29°, between Ion. 

 106° and 108° w., embracing the head- 

 waters of the principal streams of south- 

 ern Sonora and Chihuahua, particularly 

 the Rio Fuerte, in the Sierra Madre. 

 This area is regarded by them as the 

 middle of the world, the belief, similar 

 to that of the Pueblos, having a like 

 origin, no doubt, in their early migra- 

 tions from the N. and k. They are de- 



scribed as ver)' primitive, for while they 

 readily accepted the teachings of the 

 Spanish missionaries, the number of bap- 

 tized in 1678 being given as 8,300, they 

 were not permanently affected by them, 

 as the Christianized portion of the tribe 

 are said to be rapidly relapsing into their 

 former aboriginal condition. 



The Tarahumare men are vigorous, of 

 medium size, having a dark complexion, 

 a scanty beard, which is plucked as soon 

 as it appears, but long, thick, black hair, 

 which is sometimes twisted into a braid 

 and held in place by a woolen or palm- 

 leaf headband. They are probably the 

 finest runners of all the Indian tribes. 

 They are said to be able to outstrip any 

 horse in a sufficiently long race, having 

 been known to cover more than 100 m. 

 in a day. In their foot races, in which 

 they kick a ball before them, good run- 

 ners make 40 m. in from 6 to 8 hours. 

 The women also have races in which a 

 wooden ball propelled by a forked stick, 

 or a ring of twisted fiber, kept in motion 

 by a long curved stick, is employed. 

 They formerly tattooed the forehead, lips, 

 and cheeks in various patterns. The prin- 

 cipal article of dress of the men is a blan- 

 ket of native weave, and a shirt belted 

 in, while the women cover the lower part 

 of the body with a woolen skirt only. 

 Sandals, and sometimes straw hats, are 

 worn. Woman holds a comparatively 

 high place in the family life. She is con- 

 sulted as to bargaining, but on the whole 

 is regarded as inferior to the man. The 

 Tarahumare generally live in hovels in 

 the barren mountains in summer and 

 in caves in winter. Although they are 

 not nomadic, they remove their domes- 

 tic animals according to the seasons and 

 plant corn in different localities. On 

 the highlands the settlements are more 

 permanent and there the best wooden 

 houses are found, and sometimes ranches 

 containing 5 or 6 families; but even in 

 the highlands a Tarahumare never lives 

 all his life in the same house, for, if an 

 occupant dies, the dwelling is razed. A 

 man sometimes moves his house away 

 because the site is a good one for plant- 

 ing corn, the earth having been enriched 

 by habitation. 



They subsist mainly on corn, deer, 

 squirrels, iguanas, mice, and rats, hunt- 

 ing game with the bow and arrow, as 

 firearms are virtually unknown among 

 them. Fish are obtained in large quan- 

 tities by poisoning the streams, by shoot- 

 ing them with arrows tipped with cactus 

 spines, and by draining pools and captur- 

 ing the fish in the mud. Maize, beans, 

 chile, tobacco, and potatoes are culti- 

 vated in small garden patches formed 

 by rude stone walls constructed along 

 the mountain slopes to retain the soil 

 washed from the heights; they also raise 



