704 



TAWAMANA TAWASA 



[B. A. E. 



1820 they for some reason became hostile, 

 but on Apr. 23, 1821, Gov. Martinez, 

 through the mediation of the gran cado, 

 or Kadohadacho chief, effected a new 

 treaty with the Tawakoni chiefs Daquia- 

 rique and Tacarehue (Archivo Gen., 

 Prov. Intern., ccli). 



By 1824 the upper Tawakoni village 

 seems to have been moved back toward 

 the Trinity, for in that year Thomas M. 

 Duke, who described the Waco and the 

 small Tawakoni village below them, 

 stated that the principal Tawakoni vil- 

 lage was on the waters of the Trinity 

 (Austin Papers, Class P). To the Anglo- 

 Americans the tribe frequently proved 

 troublesome and were sometimes severely 

 punished. They were included in the 

 treaty made with the Republic of Texas 

 in 1843 and also in the treaties between 

 the United States and the Wichita in 

 1837 and 1856, which established their 

 reservation in the present Oklahoma. 

 In 1855 they were placed on a reserva- 

 tion near Ft Belknap, on the Brazos, and 

 for 3 years they made progress toward 

 civilization; but in 1859 they were forced 

 by the hostility of the whites to move 

 across Red r. (Bancroft, No. Mex. States, 

 II, 406-410, 1889). Smce then they have 

 been officially incorporated with the 

 Wichita (q. v.). 



If the view that the Waco were only a 

 part of the Tawakoni under a new name 

 is correct, the Tawakoni suffered rather 

 less diminution than other tribes during 

 the half century after 1778. If the view 

 is wrong, they decreased about half their 

 numl)er during that period, (h. e. b. ) 

 Fa-wac-car-ro. — Ind. Aff. Rep., 263, 1851. lowaul- 

 keno. — Otis, Check List, 135, 1876. Juacanas. — 

 Mezi^res (1778), Letterin Mem. deNueva Espana, 

 XXVIII, 235, MS. Juacano.— Bull. Soc. Geog. Mex., 

 1,504, 1869 (probably identical). Li-woch-o-nies. — 

 Butler and Lewis in H. R. Doc. 76, 29th Cong,, 2d 

 sess., 7, 1847. Macanas.— Meziferes (1778) quoted 

 by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, I, 661, 1886 (mis- 

 print). Tackankanie. -Maillard, Hist. Texas, 238, 

 1842. Taguacana. — Croix, Relacion Particular 

 (1778), MS. in Archivo Gen. Taguacanes,— Solis 

 (1768), Diary, in Mem. de Nueva Espana, xxvii, 

 279, MS. Tahuacana. — Morse, Rep. to Sec. War, 

 373, 1822. Tahuacane.— Tex. State Archives, 1793. 

 Tahuacano. — Treaty of 1821 with Gov. of Texas, 

 MS., ArehivoGen. Tahuacany.— Bollaertin Jour. 

 Ethnol.Soc.Lond.,ll,275,1850. Tahuaconi.— Ibid., 

 265. Ta-hu'-ka-ni". — Dorsey, Kwapa .MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1891 (Quapaname). Tahwaccaro.— Ind. 

 Aff . Rep. , 903, 1847. Tan-wa -car-roes. — Ibid. , 1857, 

 265,1858. Tahwaccona.— Ibid. .307, 1854. Tah-wae- 

 carras.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, i, .518, 1851. Tah- 

 -wah-ca-roo.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 894, 1846. Tah-wah- 

 carro.— Sen. Ex. Conf. Doc. 13, 29th Cong., 2d sess., 

 1, 1846. Tahwaklero.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 1856, 14, 1857. 

 Takawaro.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 489, 1857. 

 Tancaro, — La Harpe (1719) in French, Hist. Coll. 

 La., Ill, 72, 1851. Taouacacana. — Robin, Voy., in, 

 5, 1807. Taoucanes. — Mezi^res (1792), Informe, 

 MS. in Archivo Gen. Tavakavas.— Bruyfere (1742) 

 in Margry, Dec. vi, 492, 1886. Tawacairoe.— Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 372, 1866. Tawacamis.— Sen. Misc. Doc. 

 53, 45th Cong., 3d se.ss., 73, 1879. Tawacani.— 

 Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 104, 1856. 

 Tawacanie.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 30, 1850. Ta-wa- 

 ca-ro.— Ibid., 1859, 310, 1860. Tawacarro.— School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 689, 1857. Tawaccaras.— Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 397, 1867. Tawaccomo,— Ibid., 369, 1854. 

 Tawaccoroe,— Ibid., 1856 184, 1857. Tawackanie.— 



Maillard, Hist. Texas, 252, 1842. Tawaconie.— 

 Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 32, 1850. Tawakal.— Gatschet, 

 Tonkawe MS., B. A. E., 1884 (Tonkawa name). 

 Tawakanas. — Doc. of 1771-2 quoted by Bolton in 

 Tex. Hist. Soc. Quar., ix, 91, 1905. Tawakanay. — 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 249, 1877. Tawakany. —Austin 

 (CO. 1822), MS. in Austin Papers, Class D. Ta-wa- 

 ka-ro.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 527, 1837. Tawakaros.— La 

 Harpe (1719) quoted by Gatschet, Karankawa 

 Inds. , 27, 1891. Tawakenoe.— Sibley , Hist. Sketches, 

 74, 1806. Tawakones.— Davis, Span. Conq. N. 

 Mex., 82, 1869. Tawakoni.— Buschmann (1859) 

 quoted by Gatschet, Karankawa Inds., 33, 1891. 

 Tawareka.— McCoy, Ann. Reg., no. 4, 27, 1838. 

 Tehuacanas. — Macartij, Letter to Gov. Angel de 

 Kavarrete, 1763, MS. in Nacogdoches Archives. 

 Three Canes. — P<5uicaut (1714) trans, in French, 

 Hi.st. Coll. La., n. s., l, 121, 1869. Three Cones.— 

 Schermerhorn in Mass. Hist. Coll., 2d s., ii, 25, 1814 

 (misprint). Tiroacarees. — Arbuekle(1845) in Sen. 

 Ex. Doc. 14, 32d Cong., 2d sess., 134, 18,53. To-noc- 

 o-nies. — Butler and Lewis (1846) in H. R. Doc. 76, 

 29th Cong. , 2d .sess. , 7, 1847. Touacara. — La Harpe 

 (1719) in Margry, Dc'C, Vl, 289, 1886. Touacarc— 

 Beaurain, note in ibid. Towacanies.— Bonnell, 

 Texas, 139. 1840. Towacanno.— Morse, Rep. to 

 Sec. War, 373, 1H22, Towacano.— Trimble, ibid., 

 259. Towacarro. — Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. 

 Lond., 103, 1856. Towaccanie. — Falconer in Jour. 

 Rov. Geog. Soc, xill, 206, 1843. Towaecaras.— 

 Alvord in Sen. Ex. Doc. 18, 40th Cong , 3d sess., 

 7, 1869. Towackanies. — Marcv, Prairie Trav., 

 197, 1859. To-wac-ko-nies.— Parker, Texas, 213, 

 1856. To-wao-o-nies.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 V, 682, 1855. Towacoro.— Ibid., Ill, 403, 1853. 

 Towa'kani. — Gatschet, Caddo and Yata.ssi MS., 

 B. A. E., 82 ('river bend in a sandy place': 

 Wichita name). Towakarehu. — Dorsey, VVichita 

 MS., B. A. E., 1882 (=:'three canes'). Towakar- 

 ros.— Sen. Ex. Conf. Doc. 13, 29th Cong., 1st sess., 

 5.1846. Towakenos. — Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. 

 Lond., 102, 1856. Toweca.— Gallatin in Trans. Am. 

 Antiq. Soc, II, 117, 1836. Towiachs.— Latham in 

 Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond, 102, 1S56. Towoccaroes. — 

 Alvord in Sen. Ex. Doc. 18, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 6, 

 1869. Towocconie.— Smithson. Misc. Coll., ii, art. 

 2, 51, 18.52. Towockonie. — Maroy in Schoolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, v, 712, 1855. To--woc-o-roy Thycoes. — 

 Leavenworth (1867) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 240, 41st 

 Cong., 2d sess., 24, 1870. Towoekonie. — Marcy in 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 712, 1855. Tuacana.— 

 Mezieres, Relaci6n, 1770, MS. Tuckankanie. — 

 Maillard, Hist. Texas, map, 1842. Tuhuktukis.— 

 Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 103, 1856. 

 lu'-ka-le.— Dors"y, Kansa vocab., B. A. E., 1882 

 (Kaiisaname). Tu'-ka-nyi, — Dorsey, Osage vocab., 

 B. A. E, 1883 (Osage name). Tuwakariwa.— 

 Gatschet, Wichita MS., B. A. E. (Wichita name). 

 Twowakanie. — Yoakum, Hist. Texas, i, 260. 18.55. 

 Twowokana. — Ibid., 165. Twowokauaes.— Ibid. ,405. 

 Yo-woc-o-nee.— Marcv in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 V, 712, 1855. 



Tawamana. The Bird clan of the Hopi. 

 Tawamana winwu — Fewkes in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 

 584, 1900(irn7i(7(^'clan'). Ta-wa-ma-na wiin-wii. — 

 Fewkes in Am. Anthr , vii, 404, 1890. 



Tawasa (Alibamu: Tau-asha). AMusk- 

 hogean tribe tirst referred to by the De 

 Soto chroniclers in the middle of the 

 16th century as Toasi and located in the 

 neighborhood of Tallapoosa r. Subse- 

 quently they moved s. e. and con- 

 stituted one of the tribes to which the 

 name "Apalachicola" was given by the 

 Spaniards. About 1705 attacks by the 

 Alibamu and Creeks compelled them to 

 leave this region also and to seek protec- 

 tion near the French fort at Mobile. In 

 1707 the Pascagoula declared war against 

 them, but peace was made through the 

 intervention of Bienville. From this time 

 the tribe ceased to be noted by French 

 chroniclers, and at the close of the cen- 

 tury it reappears as one of the four Ali- 



