732 



TEPEHUANE 



[B. A. E. 



were repulsed by 1,000 Spaniards with a 

 loss of 15,000. The remainder fled to the 

 eastern slope of the Sierra Madre, between 

 lat. 25° and 26°, where most of them, 

 until recent years, led a precarious exist- 

 ence in isolated petty connnunities with- 

 out a tribal government. According to 

 the missionarieswho labored amongthem, 

 the Tepehuane were not addicted to 

 lying or theft, and lewdness and drunk- 



TEPEHUANE MAN (am. Mus. Nat. Hist.) 



enness were very uncommonamong them. 

 Though always ready to defend their 

 settlements against invasion, and not- 

 withstanding their reputation for valor, 

 they have lieen rather an agricultural 

 than a warlike people. They possessed 

 a number of idols, the principal of which 

 was called Ubamari; their chief settle- 

 ment was named after it, and formerly 

 offerings of arrows, pottery, bones of 

 animals, flowers, and fruit were made 

 to it. Lumholtz (Unknown Mexico, 

 I, 1902), who visited the tribe during 

 various explorations in 1890-98, says that 

 they are agriculturists, depending almost 

 wholly upon the cultivation of the soil 

 for subsistence. Though maize is their 

 chief reliance other plants are cultivated 

 and cotton is raised to some extent. They 

 always have sufficient corn for their own 

 use, which they store in square upright 

 cribs of canes held in place by withes, on a 

 framework of pine])oles. Their housesare 

 commodious log cabins, often with gabled 

 roofs covered with large shingles weighted 

 down. They make of maguey fiber sacks 

 and ropes of excellent quality, as well as 

 girdles and ribbons of wool and cotton 

 for trade, chiefly in Durango. Like most 

 Mexican Indians, they find pleasure in 



drinking mescal and pulque; their only 

 dance is ceremonial; no games are in 

 use, and gambling or betting is forbidden. 

 Although nominally Christians, they 

 still practise to some extent the rites 

 and ceremonies of their ancient religion. 

 Lumholtz gives 900 as the population of 

 Lajas, or the northern section, and 3,000 

 as that of the southern section, but accord- 

 ing to Hrdlicka thej' number in all be- 

 tween 4,000 and 5,000, about equally 

 divided between the two sections. Their 

 settlements, past and present, so far as 

 recorded, are: Atotonilco, Baborigame, 

 Basonopa, Cacaria, Caiman, Canatlan, 

 Chimaltitlan (?), Cinco Llagas, Colo- 

 radas (?), Durango, Galpa, Guerachic, 

 Huaxicori, Ilamatech, Jicara, Joconostla, 

 Lajas, Mezquital, Milpillas, Navogame, 

 Nazas, Ocotan, Papasquiaro, Picachos, 

 Pueblo Nuevo, Quiviquinta, San Antonio, 

 San Bernabe, San Diego del Rio, San 

 Jose, Santa Catalina, Tasquaringa, Tene- 

 raca, Tepehuaues, Tizonazo, Tunal, Tu- 

 tuaca, Yonora, Zape. See Orozco y Berra, 

 Geog., 318-19, 1864; Pimentel, Lenguas, 

 ir, 44-68, 1865; Bandelier in Arch. Inst. 

 Papers, in, 53, 1890; Hrdlicka in Am. 



tepehuane woman (am. Mus. NAT. HIST.) 



Anthr., v, no. 3, 1903; Lumholtz, Un- 

 known Mexico, 1902. ( p. w. h. ) 

 Lepeguanes. — Miranda (1575) in Doc. Int'd. de 

 Indias, xvi, 566, 1871 (misprint), ddami. -Lum- 

 holtz, Unknown Mex., i, 425, 1902 (own name). 

 0-o-dam.— Hrdlicka, inf'n, 1906 (own name; sig. 

 ' people' ) . Sselo.— Lumholtz, op. cit. ( ' walking- 

 stick insects'— p/jrt,s)/iW,r.- Tarahumare name). 

 Tepeguanes.— Miranda (1575). op. cit., 567, Zarate- 

 Salmeron (ca. 1629) in Land of Sunshine, 183. 

 Feb. 1900. Tepehuan.— Orozco y Berra, Geog., 58, 

 1864. Tepehuane.— Lumholtz in Int. Cong. 

 Anthr., 103-104, 1894. Tepeoanes.— Benavides, 

 Memorial, 7, 1630. 



