738 



TEWANONDADON TEXAS 



Lb. a. e. 



ent6 villages is .about 1,200— San Juan, 

 the largest, having 419, and Tesuque, the 

 smallest, 86 inhabitants. Each village of 

 the Tewa is divided into two sections, 

 the Winter people and the Summer peo- 

 ple. According to Bandelier, "the dig- 

 nity of chief penitent or cacique belongs 

 alternately to each of these two groups. 

 Thus the Summer cacique servesfromthe 

 vernal equinox to the autumnal, and the 

 Winter cacique from the autumnal to the 

 vernal equinox. On very important oc- 

 casions, however, the Oyike or Winter 

 cacique is inferior to his colleague." 

 Little is yet known of the social organi- 

 ization and religious institutions of the 

 Tewa people, but there is evidence that 

 at Nam be and Tesuque, at least, descent 

 is reckoned in the male line, and that at 

 the latter pueblo the law prohibiting 

 marriage of persons belonging to the 

 same clan is no longer strictly enforced. 



Following are the villages formeily oc- 

 cupied by the Tewa, so far as the names 

 have been recorded or applied : Abechiu, 

 Agawano, Analco, Axol, Camitria, Chi- 

 piinuinge, Chipiwi, Chupadero, Cuya- 

 munque, Fejiu, Fesere, Homayo, Houiri, 

 Ihamba, Jacona, Junetre, Kaayu, Ke- 

 guayo, Kuapooge, Kwengyauinge, Luce- 

 ros (partially), Navahu, Navawi, Otowi, 

 Perage, Pininicangwi, Pojiuuingge, Po- 

 joaque, Ponyinumba, Ponyipakuen, Po- 

 seuingge, Potzuye, Pueblito, Pueblo Que- 

 mado (?), Puye, Sajiuwingge, Sakeyu, 

 Sandia (not the Tigua pueblo of that 

 name), Santa Cruz, Sepawi, Shufinne, 

 Teeuinggee, Tejeuingge Ouiping, Tob- 

 hipangge, Triapi, Triaque, Troomaxia- 

 quino, Tsankawi, Tsawarii, Tseweige, 

 Tshirege, Yugeuingge. 



The following extinct villages were 

 either Tewa or Tano: Chiuma, Guia, 

 Guika, Peiias Negras. 



The following were inhabited by either 

 the Tigua ortheTewa: Axoytre, Camitre, 

 Paniete, Piamato, Quioyaco. 



See Pueblos, Tanoan family, (f.w. h. ) 

 Jehuas.— Bandelier in Rev. d'Ethnog., 203, 1886 

 (misprint). Tacos. — Siguenza (1691-3), quoted by 

 Buschmann, Neu-Mexico, 264, 1858 (probably 

 identical, although Teguas also is given). 

 Tagna,— Irvine in Ind. Aflf. Rep., 160, 1877 (mis- 

 print; used for Hano pueblo). Taowa. — Palmer, 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E., title, n. d. Taucos.— Cortez 

 (1799) quoted in Pac. R. R. Rep., iii, pt. 3, 121, 

 1856 (apparently Hano of Arizona). Tawas. — 

 Parke, mapofN. Mex.,lS51( = Hano). Tay-wah. — 

 Palmer in Ind. Aff. Rep., 133, 1870 (=Hano). 

 Tay-waugh.— Lane (1854) in Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, v, 689, 1855. Tecua.— Garc^s (1775) quoted 

 by Orozco y Berra, Geog., 350, 1864. Tegas. — 

 Tous.saint, Carte rAm6r., 1839. Teguas.— Oiiate 

 (1598) in Doc. Int'd., xvi, 109, 1871. Tegwas.— 

 Petitot, Die. Den{^-DindjiC>, xvii, 1876. Tehaas.— 

 Donaldson, Moqui Pueblo Inds., 106, 1893. 

 Tehuas.— Shea, Cath. Miss., 77, 18,55. Tejuas.— Do- 

 menech.DesertsN. Am.,ii,62, 1S60. Teoas. — Bena- 

 vides. Memorial, 26, 1630. Tepiias.— Oiiate (1598) 

 in Doc. Inc^'d., xvi, 115, 1871 (identified as the 

 TewabvBandelierin Arch. Inst. Pap., 1,19,1881). 

 Te-qua.— Whipple in Pac. R. R. Rep., iii, pt. 3, 13, 

 1856 (=Hano). Tequas.— Cordova (1619) in Ter- 



naux-Compans, Voy., X, 444, 1838. Tevas. — Bena- 

 vides (1630) quoted by Bancroft, Ariz, and N. 

 Mex., 164, 1889 ("Toas or Tevas nation"). Te- 

 wa.— Ward in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1864, 191, 1865, 

 Theguas.— Escudero, Noticias Nuevo M6x., 82, 

 1849. Ti'wa.— ten Kate, Synonymic, 8, 1884. 

 Toas. — Bena vides (1630) quoted by Bancroft, Ariz, 

 and N. Mex., 164, 1889 (or Tevas nation; mis- 

 print). Towas.— Davis, El Gringo, 115, 1857 

 ( = Hano) . Tii'-ba-na.— Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 

 1895 (Taos name). Tu'-ven. — Ibid. (Isleta and 

 Sandia name). 



Tewanondadon ('surrounded by moun- 

 tains.' — Hewitt). A former Mohawk 

 village,, situated, according to the Brion 

 de la Tour map of 1781, in the peninsula 

 formed by the outlet of Otsego lake and 

 Shenivas cr., N. Y. In 1753 Rev. Gideon 

 Hawley found in it 3 wigwams and about 

 30 people. 



Tewanondadon. — Esnauts and Rapilly map, 1777. 

 Tewanoudadon. — Lattr6 map, 1784. Towanoenda- 

 lough.— Hawley (1794) in Doc. Hist. N. Y., ni, 

 1042, 1850. 



Tewetken {Te''wEtqEn). A Nanaimo 

 division on the e. coast of Vancouver id., 

 Brit. Col.— Boas in 5th Rep. N. VV. Tribes 

 Can., 32, 1889. 



Texa. Mentioned as a pueblo of the 

 province of Atripuy (q. v. ), in the region 

 of the lower Rio Grande, N. Mex., in 

 1598.— Onate (1598) in Doc. Ined., xvi, 

 115, 1871. 



Texas. A name variously applied by 

 writers, but most commonly used by the 

 Spaniards, from whom French and Eng- 

 lish writers borrowed it, to designate the 

 Hasinai tribes of Angelina and upper 

 Neches valleys, Texas. There are many 

 variations from this usage in Spanish writ- 

 ings, but nevertheless it is the usual one. 

 As a geographical term the name was first 

 extended from these Hasinai tribes to 

 their immediate country, and then grad- 

 ually to all the territory included within 

 the present Texas. 



Among the tribes of e. Texas the word 

 texas [lexias, tliecasf, techan, teysas, tecliasf, 

 etc., pronounced, there is reason to sus- 

 pect, as indicated by the last spelling) 

 had wide currency before the coming of 

 the Spaniards. Its usual meaning there 

 was 'friends,' or, more technically, 'al- 

 lies', and it was used, by the Hasinai 

 at least (to whom the word later became 

 fastened as a name), to designate a large 

 group of tribes, both Caddoan and others, 

 customarily allied against the Apache. 

 The Hasinai seem not to have applied the 

 term to themselves as a local group name 

 at all. On the other hand, they did use it 

 as an everyday form of greeting, like 

 "Hello, friend!" (Testimony given at the 

 Nabedache village, 1692, in the Terdn Au- 

 tos, Archivo Gen., Prov. Intern., CLXxxii). 

 The Spanish narrowing of the term, as a 

 group name, to the Hasinai, is due mainly 

 to the historical circumstance that the 

 Hasinai were the first of the great group 

 of allies, or texas, whom they came to 

 know intimately. They were influenced 



