BULL. 30] 



TIOSAHRONDION 



757 



clearly Coahuiltecan. In 1738, 120 runa- 

 ways of the tribe were recovered from the 

 forest (Lamar Papers, no. 37, MS.)- In 

 1768 they were mentioned asbeingon Rio 

 Frio, but in 1780 the governor of Texas 

 said their home was near the cnast, e. of 

 the Nueces (Cabello, Rep. on Coast Tribes, 

 1780, MS.). As late as 1780 they were 

 still living at San Juan Capistrano mission 

 (ibid.). (h. E. B. ) 



Chapopines. — Taylor in Cal. Fanner, Apr. 17, 1863. 

 Chayopines. — Garcia, Manual, title, ITtiO. Saio- 

 pines. — Lamar Papers, no. 37, 10, 173.H, MS. Sayo- 

 pina. — Morti, Mem. Hist. Tex., MS., bk. u.ra. 17S2. 

 Sayopines. — Doc. of 1750 in Mem. de Nueva Espana, 

 XXVIII, 140, MS. Zacopines.— Lamar Papers, no. 

 37, 1. ISIS, (miseopy fcir Zaiopines?). 



Tiosahrondion (early Huron form, Te- 

 'dclicuiontian (1653), probably cognate 

 with Mohawk Tilumrron^nlon', 'There 

 where many (beaver) datns are': from 

 initial prefix ti-, the transdirective sign, 

 'there', 'thither'; io-, the compound 

 prefix pronoun of the third person, sin- 

 gular number, zoic gender, 'it-it'; -sar-, 

 the nominal stem of o'sa'ra' oro'tce^rd' (a 

 dialectic variant) signifying 'a (beaver) 

 dam'; -ran, the verb-stem, '(to) place 

 athwart,' and the adverbial suffix, -niun', 

 'many times', 'many places'). The 

 present Iroquoian name of Detroit, Mich. 

 There seems to be good evidence that the 

 name did not originally belong to this 

 spot. The Huron term, cited above, was 

 first used in the Journal des Jesuites 

 for 1653 (Jesuit Relations, Thwaites ed., 

 \ XXVIII, 181, 1899) in conjunction with 

 the place name -S'A'e/;'(7(('oV, ' place of the 

 foxes,' which Mas there represented to 

 be "toward Teo'chanonlian," that is to 

 say, "toward the place of the beaver- 

 dams," meaning, evidently vaguely, in 

 the beaver-hunting country. Inland on 

 both sides of the strait connecting L. 

 Huron with L. Erie there were noted 

 beaver grounds, and their importance 

 was so great in the 17th century that 

 Lahontan marked the chief places on his 

 map; there were also well-known beaver 

 grounds lying between the Maumee and 

 Wabash rs. In 1701 the Five Nations 

 gave a deed of trust to the English King 

 of their "beaver-hunting ground" (called 

 Canagariarchio, i. e. G'inia\/aria'-Kon- 

 tceriin, 'it beaver is fine'), a part of 

 which land "runns till it butts upon the 

 Twichtvvichs [Miami]," comprising the 

 "country w'here the bevers, the deers, 

 elks, and such beasts keep and the place 

 called Tieugsachrondie, alias Fort de Tret 

 orWawyachtenok" (N. Y. Poc.Col. Hist., 

 IV, 908, 1854). At an early period the 

 French realized the great importance of 

 this strait, for it was the key to the three 

 upper lakes and all their dependencies, 

 and gave ready access to the ISIississippi 

 by way of Maumee r. and a portage of 

 only 9 m. into the Wabash. So in 1686 

 Denonville (realizing that if this pass was 



held by the French, the English would 

 be barred from the ISlississippi and the 

 great N. W., but if seized and held by 

 the British, the Canadian fur-trade would 

 be ruined) ordered (ireysolon Du Luth to 

 build a small picket fort, giving it the 

 name Gratiot, which he occupied for a 

 short time. In 1688 the Five Nations 

 complained to Gov. Dongan, of New 

 York, asking him to demolish the fort 

 built two years previously. Later Cadil- 

 lac proposed to establish there a perma- 

 nent settlement and military post. In 

 this proposal lie met with strong opposi- 

 tion by those whose interests would be 

 affected, and also by the Jesuits; finally, 

 however, convincing the proper authori- 

 ties of the feasibility of his plan and of 

 the immense interests which it would 

 conserve and protect, he began, on July 

 24, 1701, the picket Fort Pontchartrain, 

 which was about 60 yds square and situ- 

 ated about 120 ft from the river. 



In the same year the Five Nations 

 complained that the Hurons had come to 

 dwell at Tiosahrondion and that they had 

 thereby disturbed their beaver and elk 

 hunting; they asserted that they had 

 owned these hunting grounds for 60 (ap- 

 proximately 45) years, and that although 

 the governors of New York and Canada 

 had both admitted that these lands be- 

 longed to them, a fort had been built 

 there l>y the French. To these remon- 

 strances the French governor replied that 

 the fort had been built for their sole ben- 

 efit, for supplying them with powder and 

 lead and other things needed in their 

 hunting, and to prevent war between 

 them and the Ottawa. At the same time 

 the Hurons complained that the Mis- 

 sisauga (Waganhaes) had taken their 

 beaver-hunting grounds and desired the 

 French governor to remove the Missisauga 

 to their own hunting lands. In 1700they 

 declared that this was "the only place of 

 beaver hunting." In 1702, 24 "Farr 

 Indians," probably Miami and Wyandot, 

 informed the Five Nations that they had 

 come to dwell at Tiosahrondion, "at one 

 end of your house." The French had 

 previously ordered their Indian allies to 

 make peace with the Five Nations. As 

 early as 1727 manv small tribes and parts 

 of tribes, as the Wyandot, Miami, Foxes, 

 Sauk, Ottawa, Missisauga and Pota- 

 watomi, had their villages in the vicinity 

 of Tiosahrondion. Ten years later 130 

 Shawnee warriors asked permission of 

 the Governor of New York and of the 

 Five Nations to go to dwell at Tiosahron- 

 dion, because the Seneca and the Cayuga 

 had sold their lands on the Susquehanna 

 from under their feet. 



Henne])in (New Discovery, 1697) says 

 that L. Erie was called by the Iroquois 

 Erige Tejocharontiong, which signifies "At 



