764 



TLEKEM — TLINGIT 



[b. a. e. 



Chinookan village 2 m. below Kainier, on 

 the s. side of Columbia r. , Oreg. 



Lgu'laq.— Boas. Kathlamet Texts, 182, 1901. 



Tlekem {Lc'q'Eia). A gens of the 

 Walas Kwa'kiutl, a sept of the true 

 Kwakiutl.— Boas in Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 1895, 330, 1897. 



Tlelding. A former Athapascan village 

 on Trinity r., just below the mouth of 

 South fork, Cal. Its inhabitants spoke 

 the language of the Hupa, from whom 

 they differed in no respect except slightly 

 in "religion and in their political rela- 

 tions. Just above this village, which is 

 now deserted, are the pits of many houses 

 marking the site of a settlement which 

 the natives believe to have l)een occupied 

 by the Kihunai before the coming of 

 Indians. The largest pit is pointed out 

 as the location of Yimantuwingyai's 

 house when he was chief of the immortal 

 Kihunai at Tlelding. The Southfork 

 Indians, as they are commonly called, 

 came into violent conflict with military 

 forces in the fifties and were removed to 

 Hupa valley at the establishment of the 

 reservation. Tlie few surviving families 

 now live near their old home. (p. e. g. ) 

 A-hel-tah.— Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, ni, 

 139, 1853. Kailtas.— Powers in Overland Mo., ix, 

 162,1872. Kel'-ta.— Powers in Cont. N.A.Ethnol., 

 ni,'89, 1877. Khlel'-ta.— Ibid. Leldin.— Goddard, 

 Lifeand Cultureofthe Hupa, 7, 1903. Ta-hail-la.— 

 McKee in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec, sess., 

 194, 1853. Ta-hail-ta.— Meyer, Nach dem Sacra- 

 mento, 282, 1855. 



Tlenedi. The principal social group 

 among the Auk tribe of Alaska. It be- 

 longs to the Raven phratry. 

 Llene'di.— Swanton, field notes, B A. E., 1904. 

 tlenedi,— Krause, Tlinkitlnd., 116, 1885. 



Tlesko. A Tleskotin village on Chilco- 

 tin r. near its junction with Fraser r., 

 Brit Col.— Morice in Trans. Roy. Soc. 

 Can., sec. ii, 109, map, 1892. 



Tleskotin ( ' people of the Splint river ' ) . 

 A division of tlie Tsilkotin Uving in the 

 village of Tlesko (q. v. ); pop. 75 in 1892. 



Tt3s-Koh'-tin.— Morice, Notes on W. Dent>s, 23, 

 1893. 



Tletlket {le^Lqct, 'having a great 

 name ' ). A gens of the Walas Kwakiutl 

 and another of the Tlauitsis. 

 l,e'Lqet.— Boas in Rep. U. S, Nat. Mus. 1895, 330, 

 1897. Le'Lqete.— Ibid. TIeqeti.— Boas in Peter- 

 manns Mitteil., pt. 5, 131, 1887. 



Tlgunghung {lciaTixah, 'face of the 

 ground' [?] ). AHaidatownoftheDjigua- 

 ahl-lanas family, formerly on the n. side 

 of Lyell id., Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. 

 Col.— Swanton, Cont. Haida, 278, 1905. 



Tlhingus (l/xihas, 'flat slope'). _ A 

 Haida town of tlie Kagials-kegawai family, 

 formerly on Louise id., Queen Charlotte 

 ids., Brit. Col.— Swanton, Cont. Haida, 

 279, 1905. 



Tlialil. A former Koynkukhotana vil- 

 lage on Koyukuk r., Alaska; it contained 

 27 people and 3 houses in 1844. 

 Tlialil-kakat.—Zasoskin quoted by Petroff in 10th 

 Census, Alaska, 37, 1884. 



Tliktlaketin {LtqLa^gEtln,'ierry,' 'cross- 

 ing place') . A Ntlakyapamuk village on 

 the E. side of Fraser r., 3 m. below Cisco, 

 Brit. Col.; so named because the Indians 

 were accustomed to cross the river in their 

 canoes here.— Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., II, 169, 1900. 



Tlikutath [Tri'hifath). A sept of the 

 Opitchesaht, a Nootka tribe. — Boas in 6th 

 Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 32, 1890. 



Tlingit {ffDigVt, 'people'). The usual 

 name f<ir those peoples constituting the 

 Koluschan linguistic family. They in- 

 habit the islands and coast of n. w. Amer- 

 ica from about lat. 54° 40^ to 60°, or from 

 the moutli of Portland canal on the s. (ex- 

 cept the E. and s. part of Prince of Wales 

 id., occupied by the Kaigani, or Alaskan 

 Haida) to Chilkat on Controller bay, 

 their last permanent settlement, just be- 

 yond which they meet the Eskimo as 

 well as the Ahtena, an Athapascan tribe. 



Anthropometric investigations seem to 

 indicate that, from a physical point of 



TLINGIT. TAKU TRIBF 



view, the Tlingit ( Koluschan ),Tsimshian 

 (Chimmesyan),and Haida (Skittagetan) 

 should be grouped together, and by the 

 similarity of their social organization and 

 languages the Haida and the Tlingit are 

 associated still more closely. 



Tlingit tradition points to the Tsimshian 

 coast as their original home. In 1741 

 Chirikoff and Bering reached the Tlingit 

 coast, and during the next half century 

 Russian, Spanish, English, French, and 

 American explorers and traders were fre- 

 quent visitors. In 1799 a fort was built 

 near where Sitka now stands, but in 1802 

 the Sitka Indians rose, killed part of the 

 inmates, and drove away the remainder. 

 In 1804 Baranoff attacked the natives in 

 their fort, finally driving them out, and 

 then established a post there which grew 

 into Sitka, the capital of Russian America. 

 Russian rule, especially under Baranoff, 

 was of the harshest character (see Rus- 

 sian influence), and there was constant 



