BULL. 30] 



TLIQALIS TLISTEE 



765 



trouble between the warlike Tlingit and 

 their masters. In 1867 the tribes were 

 transferred, with Alaska, to the jurisdic- 

 tion of the United States. 



The Indians of this group looked to the 

 sea for their main livelihood, and depended 

 on land hunting to a less extent, though 

 for natural reasons more than did the 

 Haida. Shellfish and various roots also 

 constituted not a small part of their 

 diet. Seals, otters, "ind porpoises were 

 important objects of pursuit. The Tagish 

 of Lewis r., who are supposed to be 

 Tlingit, live like the Athapascan tribes, 

 which they resemble in all respects ex- 

 cept language. The Tlingit display much 

 mechanical skill, especially in canoe- 

 building, carving, the working of stone 

 and copper, blanket and basket making, 

 etc. The practice of slavery, so com- 

 mon on the N. \V. coast, was much in 

 vogue among them, and formerly they 

 made distant expeditions for the purpose 

 of obtaining slaves. 



Though dialectic differences exist in 

 the Tlingit language, they are compara- 

 tively slight, and the active intercourse 

 maintained by the several divisions under 

 the incentive of trade has doubtless been 

 instrumental to some extent in produc- 

 ing the marked homogeneity in charac- 

 ter and customs that everywhere prevail. 

 At the same time the speech of Yakutat 

 diverges somewhat from that of the 

 towns farther s., and between the north- 

 ern and the southern towns in the remain- 

 ing territory there is a certain amount of 

 variation. 



According to Veniaminoff these Indians 

 in 1835 numbered about 5,850. In 1839 

 an enumeration of the Tlingit and Kai- 

 gani was made under the direction of 

 Sir James Douglas and showed, exclusive 

 of the Yakutat, Sitka, and Tagish, 5,455 

 Tlingit. A census compiled in 1861 

 by Lieut. Wehrman, of the Russian 

 navy, gave 8,597 Tlingit, including 828 

 slaves. The figures given by Petroff (10th 

 Census, Alaska, 31-.32, 1884) are 6,763, 

 and those of the Eleventh Census, ex- 

 cluding the Ugalakmiut, which are im- 

 properly counted with them, 4,583. 

 It would appear that the Tlingit popula- 

 tion has been declining steadily during 

 the last 70 years, but there is evidence 

 that this decline has ceased. 



Most of the Tlingit tribes deserve to 

 be called rather geographical groups. 

 They are the following: Auk, Chilkat, 

 Henya, Huna, Hutsnuwu, Kake, Kuiu, 

 Sanyakoan, Sitka, Stikine, Sumdum, 

 Tagish, Taku, Tongas, and Yakutat or 

 Hlahayik. p]mmons adds two otiiers, 

 tlieGunaho (see Gonaho) and Guthleuh 

 of Controller bay. The Kajechadi is a 

 Tlingit division that has not been iden- 

 tified. 



Socially they are divided, like the 



Haida, into 2 phratries, Yehl (Raven), 

 and Goch (Wolf) or Chak (Eagle), each 

 of which ( again like the Haida) is sub- 

 divided into consanguineal bands or 

 clans. These are: 



YeJtl. — Ankakehittan, Deshuhittan, 

 Ganahadi, Hlukahadi, Kahlchanedi, 

 Kashkekoan, Kaskakoedi, Kachadi, Kat- 

 kaayi, Kiksadi, Koskedi, Kuhinedi, 

 Kuyedi, Nushekaayi, Sakutenedi, Tahl- 

 koedi, Takdentan, Takwanedi, Tanedi, 

 Tenedi, Tihittan, Tlenedi, Tluknahadi. 



Goch or Chak. — Chukanedi, Daktlawedi, 

 Hehlqoan, Hlkoayedi, Hokedi, Kagwan- 

 tan, Kakos-hittan, Katagwadi, Kayash- 

 kidetan, Kokhittan, Nanyaayi, Nastedi, 

 Nesadi, Shunkukedi, Siknahadi, Sit- 

 koedi, Takestina, Tekoedi, Tlukoedi, 

 Tsaguedi, Tsatenyedi, Was-hinedi, Wush- 

 ketan, Yenyedi. 



Outside of either clan. — Nehadi. 



The Tlingit towns, both occupied and 

 abandoned, are: Akvetskoe, Angun, 

 Anchguhlsu, Chilkat, Chilkoot, Chit- 

 klin's Village, Dahet, Deshu, Dyea, Gash, 

 Gaudekan, Gonaho, Gutheni, Hlahayik, 

 Hlukkukoan, Hnkanuwu, Kahlchatlan, 

 Kake, Katchanaak, Katkwaahltu, Kat- 

 iany's Village, Keshkunuwu, Klawak, 

 Klughuggue, Klukwan, Kona, Kuiu, Ku- 

 kanuwu, Kustahekdaan, Ledyanoproliv- 

 skoe(?), Nahltushkan, Shakan, Sikana- 

 sankian, Sitka, Skagway, Sumdum, Ta- 

 kokakaan, Tlistee, Tluhashaiyikan, Tlu- 

 shashakian. Tongas, Tsantikihin, Tuxi- 

 can, Yakutat, and Yendestake. 



For the synonymy of the stock, see 

 Kolui^chan Family, (n. w. h. j. r. s. ) 

 Clingats. — Macfie, Vancouver Island, 452, 1865. 

 G-tinkit.— LangsdorflF, Voy., II. 12.S, 1814. G'tin- 

 kit.— Ibid., 116. Kaljuschen.— Holmberg, Ethnog. 

 Skizz.,9, 1855 (Russian or Aleut, referring to their 

 labrets). Kaloshes.— Beardslee in Sen. Ex. Doc. 

 105, 46th Cong., 2d sess., 31, 1880. Kaloshians.— 

 Fast, Antiq. of Alaska, 18, 1869. Kaluschians.— 

 LaijgsdorfT, Voy., ii, 82, 1814. Klinget.— Willard, 

 Life in Alaska, 63, 1884. Koliugi.— Hvnnboldt, New 

 Spain, II, 394, 1811. Koljuches.— Campbell in Que- 

 bec Lit. and Hist. Soc. Trans., 61, 1881. Kolju- 

 schen. — Holmberg, Ethnog. Skizz., 9, 1855. Kol- 

 jush. — Campbell in Canadian Naturalist, 2d s., 

 IX, 203, 1881. Kolloshians.— Sen. Misc. Doc. 136, 

 41st Cong., 2d se.ss., 20, 1870. Koloches.— Pinart in 

 Revue d' Anthropologie, no. 4, 1, 1873. Koloshi.— 

 Veniaminoff, Zapiski, ii, pt. iii, 28, 1810. Kol- 

 yuzhi. — Ibid, ll'inkit. — Pinart, Notes sur les Ko- 

 loches, 2, 1873. S chinkit— Langsdorff, Vov., ll, 

 128,1814. S'khinkit.— Ibid., 116. Street natives.— 

 Holmberg, Ethnog. Skizz., 11, 18.5,5. Thlinkiten.— 

 Ibid. Tlingit. — Emmons in Mem. Am. Mus. 

 Nat. Hist, in, 229, 1903. Tlinkit.— Krause, Tlinkit 

 Indianer, 96, 1885. Tlinkit-antu-kwan.— Venia- 

 minoff, Zapiski, ii, pt. iii, 28, 1810 (= 'peo- 

 ple in the Tlingit country ). Tshingits. — Fast, 

 Antiq. Alaska, 18, 1869. Ts'hinkitani.— Gallatin in 

 Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc, n, 14,1836 (=i;ingit-a'ni, 

 'Tlingit country'). Wooden-lips. — Jewitt, Narra- 

 tive, 161, 1815. 



Tliqalis {Tli^qali.^). The name of an 

 ancestor of a Quatsino gens, by which 

 the gens was sometimes known. — Boas 

 in Petermanns Mitteil., pt. 5, 131, 1887. 



Tlistee (LlUti'). A former town in the 

 i\. part of the Tlingit territory, Alaska; 

 definite locality unknown. (j. r. s.) 



