BULL. 30] 



TOMAS — TOME 



775 



on the ground, which is taken up by one of 

 their most expert warriors, if they chuse 

 to join; if not, they return it, and with a 

 belt of their wampum suitable to the oc- 

 casion." (Knox, \o\. and Trav., ii, 

 165-6, 1767.) 



The following from jMcCuUoh's Re- 

 searches (134, 1829) is of much later 

 date than the preceding, and indicates 

 the conception of the tomahawk at that 

 time: "The tomahawk, wliich is some- 

 times considered a weapon peculiar to 

 the American Indians,. was originally a 

 club carved into some convenient shape. 

 It was mostcoimiionly a stout stick about 

 three feet in length, terminating in a large 

 knob, wherein a projecting bone or flint 

 was often inserted. The hatchets of the 

 Indians that are now called tomahawks 

 are of European device, and the stone 

 hatchets so often found in our fields and 

 called by the same term were not mili- 

 tary weapons, but mechanical tools." 

 See A.rt's, < 'alumet, Celts, ILitcheta. 



In addition to the works cited above, 

 consult Gerard in Am. Anthr., ix, no. 1, 

 1907; X, no. 2, 1908; Gookin (1674) in 

 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., i, 152, 1792; Josse- 

 lyn (1675), ibid., 3d s., in, 309, 1833; 

 Holmes in Am. Anthr., x, no. 2, 1908 

 (and authorities therein cited); Smith, 

 Hist. Virginia, Arl)ered., 1884; Strachey, 

 Virginia, 106, 1849; Tooker, Algonquian 

 Ser., Ill, 40, 1901; Wood, New England's 

 Prospect, 66, 1634. (av. h. h.) 



Tomas (Span. Tliomns). The most 

 noted Bidai chief of the 18th century, 

 frequently mentioned in Spanish docu- 

 ments after 1755. Within or before this 

 year he was officially named aijiitun by 

 the Spanish authorities. His village was 

 w. of Trinity r., Texas, near modern 

 Bidais cr., which appears on a Spanish 

 map of the latter part of the 18th century 

 as Rio Santo Tom;is (Mapa C4eogra,fica de 

 las Provincias Septentrionales, n. d., 

 Bexar Archives). (h. e. b. ) 



Tomassee. The name of two or more 

 former Cherokee settlements, viz: (1) 

 On Tomassee cr. of Keowee r., in Oconee 

 CO., S. C. ; (2) on Little Tennessee r. near 

 the entrance of Burningtown cr., in 

 Macon co., S. C. The correct form and 

 interpretation of the name are unknown. 

 Timossy.— Mooney in 19tli Rep. B. A. E., 535, 1900 

 (qiiotert form). Tomassee. — Doc. of 1755 quoted 

 by Royce in 5th Rep. B. A. E., 143, 1887. Ty- 

 mahse. — Mooney, op. cit. (quoted form). 



Tomau. A noted JMenominee chief, 

 properly called Thomas Carron. He was 

 born, according to Grignon (Wis. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., Ill, 267, 1857), about 1752, 

 though the inscription on the monument 

 erected over his grave by John Law, of 

 Green Bay, makes him but 56 years of 

 age at his death, July 8, 1818 (Morse, 

 Rep. Sec. War, 53, 1822; Draper in 

 Wis. Hist. Soc. Coll., i, 58, 1855). He 

 was the second son of Old Carron, a 



half-blood French and Menominee, act- 

 ing head chief. His mother was prob- 

 ably an Abnaki. Though not the offi- 

 cial chief of the tril^e by inheritance, 

 he was regarded as chief in authority, 

 since the heieditary title was held by tme 

 incapable of ruling. He was met by 

 Zebulou Pike in 1805, who emjjloyed him 

 as guide and speaks of his friendship for 

 Americans, though subsequent acts did 

 not serve to contirm this opinion. It is, 

 however, true that, notwithstanding Te- 

 cumseh's eloquent appeal to the Me- 

 nominee to join in the war on the United 

 States settlements, Tomau stood firmly 

 for peace, yielding only so far as to con- 

 sent that such of his young men as wished 

 to join as individuals might do so. He 

 advised against so doing, however, and 

 only a few availed themselves of the 

 privilege. Later, on the other hand, 

 Tomau allied himself with the British, 

 and with probaV)ly 100 of his warriors 

 accompanied Col. Dickson in 1812 in the 

 capture from the Americans of Ft Macki- 

 naw, though there was no fighting. It 

 was during this expedition that Oshkosh 

 was placed under Toman's special care. 

 He was also with Proctor and Dickson in 

 the attack on Ft Sandusky, and in 1814, 

 with about 80 JMenominee, accompanied 

 Dickson to Mackinaw, where they took 

 part in the battle in which the xVmerican 

 commander Maj. Holmes fell. In 1816 

 Tomau gave pernnssion to the LTnited 

 States troops to build a fort in Menominee 

 territory. Two years later he died at 

 Mackinaw from excessive intoxication, 

 and was bm-ied there. Tomau was of 

 the Prairie-chicken clan, and was thrice 

 .married; his first wife, Kiwakomuqkiu 

 ('Wandering Around') was a Menomi- 

 nee woman, by whom he had two sons. 

 Separating from this wife he married two 

 sisters, with both of whom he lived until 

 they died and by one of whom he had 

 four children. Consult Hoffman in 14th 

 Rep. B. A. E., pt. 1, 54, 1896. 



Tombigbee ( It I'l m bi-bikpi, ' co ffi n 

 maker.' — Gatschet). A former Choctaw 

 town on or near Tombigbee r., w. Ala 

 bam a. 



Tambeche. — Lattre, map of U. S., 1784. Tombecbe. — 

 Alcedo, Die. Geog., v, 169, 1789. Tombechbe.— Ro- 

 mans, Fla., 32(>, 1775. Tombeche.— JetYerys, Am. 

 Atlas, map 5. 177fi. Tombeechy.— Jefferys, French 

 Dom. Am., 135, map, 1761. 



Tomcha [Tom'-cha). A former Maidu 

 settlement on the left bank of Feather r., 

 E. of Lomo, Sutter co., Cal. (r. b. d. ) 

 Toam'-cha. — Powers in Cent. N. A. EthnoL, ill., 



L'81>, 1877. 



Tome (contr. of the name of Abbe Santo 

 Tomds. — Lummis). A former pueblo of 

 Genizaros (q. v.), situated on the Rio 

 Grande 2 leagues s. of Isleta, N. Mex., on 

 the site of a prehistoric pueblo, prol)ably 

 of the Tigua. The inhabitants of tlie set- 

 tlement consisted of neophytes who had 



