778 



TONGAS TONKAWA 



[b. a. e. 



Toi-tdoa.— Hodge in Am. Anthr., ix, 348, 1896 

 (<doa=' people'). 



Tongas ( TAngd'sh, named from an island 

 on which they formerly camped). A 

 Tlingit tribe at the mouth of Portland 

 canal, Alaska, numbering 273 in 1880 

 and 255 in 1890, probably including the 

 Sanya. Their town on Tongass id. , Alex- 

 ander archipelago, bearing the same 

 name, is being abandoned for Ketchi- 

 kan. Its social divisions are Daktlawedi, 

 Ganahadi, and Tekoedi. (j. r. s.) 



Kee-tah-hon-neet.— Kane, Wand. N. A., app., 1859. 

 TAnga'c— Swanton, field notes, B. A. E., 1904. 

 Tangasskoe. — VeniaminofF, Zapiski, ii, pt. in, 

 30, IMO. Ta'nta hade.— Swanton, field notes, 1900- 

 01 (Kaigaiii name). Tongass. — Kane, op. cit. 

 Tont-a-quans.— Colver in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869, 537, 

 1870. Tungass.— Krause, Tlinkit Ind., Ill, 1885. 

 Tungsss-kon. — Ibid., 120. Tungrass. — Peirce in H. 

 R. Ki'ii. 830, 27th Cong., 2d sess., 62, 1842. 



Tongigua ( ' little village' ). One of the 

 early Quapaw villages which Joutel (1687) 

 says was situated on the border of Mis- 

 sissippi r. on the right in ascending (Mar- 

 gry, Dec, iii, 457, 1878), probably in 

 N. w. Mississippi. De Soto in 1.541 found 

 the village of Quizquiz, which seems to 

 have been Quapaw, on the e. bank. 



Bogenga. — McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, ill, 

 81, JS54. Doginga.—liouay cited by Shea, Di-scov., 

 170,1852. Tanwa'i-jina.— Dorsev.KwapaMS.vocab., 

 B.A.E..1883. Ta"wa"zhika.— Gatsehet.CreekMigr. 

 Leg. , 1, 30, 1884. Thonges.— Ham i 1 ton i n Trans. Neb. 

 Hist. Soc, I, if^, 1885. Thons.— Du Lac, Voy. Loui- 

 sianes, 262, 1S05. Togenga.— Shea, Early Voy., 76, 

 1861. Togunguas.—Barcia, Ensayo, 288,1723. Ton- 

 genga.— Tonti (1688) in French, Hist. Coll. La., I, 

 71, 1846. Tongigua.— Joutel ( 1687) in Margry, D^'C, 

 III, 457, 1878. Tonginga. — Joutel (1687) in French, 

 Hist. Coll. La., I, 176, 1S46. Tonguinga,— Ibid.. Ill, 

 444, 1878. Tonningua.— Joutel in French, Hist. Coll. 

 La., I, 179, 1846. Topingas.— Charlevoix, Voy., II, 

 246, 1761. Touginga.— La Harpe (1722) in Margry, 

 Dt'C, VI, 365, 1886, Toyengan.— Shea, Diseov., 170, 

 1852. 



Tongonaoto {Tong-n-vci^-o-to, 'drift log'). 

 A subclan of the Delawares. — Morgan, 

 Anc. Soc, 172, 1877. 

 Tongs. See Pincers. 

 Tonguish's Village. A former Potawa- 

 tomi settlement, taking its name from its 

 chief, otherwise called Toga, near Rouge 

 r., in the s. part of Oakland co. or the 

 N. part of Wayne co., Mich., about 20 m. 

 N. w. of Detroit. By treaty of 1807 a 

 tract of two sections of land was reserved 

 for the use of this band, but by treaty of 

 1827 it was ceded to the United States 

 "in order to consolidate some of the dis- 

 persed bands ... at a point removed 

 from the road leading from Detroit to 

 Chicago, as far as practicable from the 

 settlements of the whites." For the life 

 of Tonguish, see Mich. Pion. and Hist. 

 Coll., VIII, 161, 1886. 



Tonguish Village. — Pottawotomi treaty (1827) in 

 U. S. Ind. Treat., 674, 1873. Tonquish's village.— 

 Detroit treaty (1807), iliid., 194. 



Tonicahaw (perhaps from Tonik-hikia, 

 'standing post'). A former Choctaw 

 town noted by Romans as having been 

 near the line between Neshoba and 

 Kemper cos.. Miss. See Halbert in Pub. 

 Miss. Hist. Soc, vi, 427, 1902. 



Tonichi. A pueblo of the Nevorae 



(containing also some Eudeve and ( )pata) 

 and seat of a Spanish mission founded 

 in 1628. Situated in e. Sonora, Mexico, 

 on the Rio Yaqui below its junction with 

 the Papigochi, lat. 29°, Ion. 109°. Pop. 

 510 in 1678, 379 in 1730. The Rudo 

 Ensayo {ca. 1762) mentions it as a visita 

 of Onavas. It is now a civilized com- 

 munity, with 372 inhabitants in 1900. 

 Sta Maria del Populo Tonichi. — Zapata (1678) cited 

 by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, i, 246, 1884. 

 Toniche. — Escudero, Noticias Son. v Sin., 101, 

 1849. Tonichi.— Rivera, Diario, leg." 1382, 1736. 

 Tonici. — Kino, map (1702), in Stocklein, Neue 

 Welt-Bott, 74, 1726. Tonitsi.— Orozco y Berra, 

 Geog., 351, 1864. Tonitza. — Rudo Ensayo {ca. 1762), 



124, 1863. 



Tonihata. An island in the St Law- 

 rence, upon which was a mixed Iroquois 

 village in 1671 and later. It is sup- 

 posed to have been the modern Grenadier 

 id., between Ogden burgh and L. Ontario, 

 in Leeds co., Ontario. 



Koniata. — Esnauts and Rapilly map, 1777. Oton- 

 diata.— De Courcelles (1671) in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., IX, 77, 1855, Otoniata.— Denonville (1687), 

 ibid., 361. Otoniato. — Ibid. Toniata. — Chauvig- 

 nerie (1736), ibid., 1056. Tonihata.— Jett'ery.s, Fr. 

 Doms., pt. 1, 15, 1761. Tonniata. — Frontenac 

 (1692) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., ix, 531, 1855. 



Tonikan Family. A linguistic family 

 established by PoMell (7th Rep. B. A. E., 



125, 1891 ) to include the language of the 

 Tunica (q. v.) tribe in the lower Mis- 

 sissippi region. 



=Tunicas.— Gallatin in Trans, .and Coll. Am. 

 Antiq. Soc, ii, 115, 116, 1836 (quotes Sibley, who 

 states they speak a distinct language); Latham, 

 Nat. Hist. Man, 341, 1850 (opposite mouth of Red 

 r.: quotes Sibley as to distinctness of language). 

 =Tonica.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 39, 1884 

 ( brief account of tribe) . =Tonika. — Gatschet in 

 Science, 412, Apr. 29, 1887 (distinctness as a family 

 asserted). =Tonikan. — Powell, op. cit. 



Tonkawa. A prominent tribe, forming 

 the Tonkawan linguistic family, which, 

 during most of the 18th and 19th cen- 

 turies, lived in central Texas. According 

 to Gatschet (Karankawa Inds., 37, 1891) 

 they call themselves Titskanvxititch, while 

 the name Tonkawa is a Waco word, 7bn- 

 kaweya meaning 'they all stay together.' 



Ethnology. — The ethnological relations 

 of the tribe are still obscure. It has been 

 surmised that it was a composite of the 

 remnants of other tribe.-^, and this is 

 apparently true of their later organization 

 at least; yet the fact that their language 

 and culture were so different from those 

 of the great neighboring groups indicates 

 that fundamentally they were a distinct 

 people. Closely associated with them, 

 and of similar culture, were lesser tribes 

 or subtri))es, notably the Yojuane, IMay- 

 eye,and Ervipiame. It has recently been 

 established l)y a study of the records of 

 the San Xavier missions that these tribes 

 spoke the Tonkawa language, but that the 

 Deadoses ( Agdocas, Yadocxas), who were 

 often associated with the Tonkawa, spoke 

 the language of the Bidai and Arkokisa 

 (see San Frandsco Xaiier de Horrasitas, 



