BULL. 30] 



T08ARKE S BAND TOTEM 



787 



Chihuahua, Mexico, between lat. 28° and 

 29°, with a mixed population of Nevome 

 and Tarahuinare, ehietiy the latter. 

 San Juan Evangelista Tosonac'hic. — Orozco y Berra, 

 Geog., 324, lMt;4. Tosanachic— Lumholtz, Un- 

 known Mexico, I, 120, 1902. 



Tosarke's Band. A Paviotso band, named 

 from its chief (Gray Head), formerly near 

 Carson and Walker lakes, Nev. 

 Tosarke.— Dodge in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1859, 374, 1860. 



Toshence. The last of anything: a term 

 local in Mas.^achusetts. Gerard {Sun, 

 N. Y., July 30, 1895) states that the word 

 consists of the two last syllables of viat- 

 tasons, the Massachuset name for the last 

 child of the family. Trumbull (Natick 

 Diet, 73, 1903) gives the Massachuset 

 term as rmdtasoyts, 'youngest son,' with 

 the suggested etymology viat-asu, 'not 

 after,' of which viuttdsojis would ap])ear 

 to be a diminutive. Gerard (inf'n, 1908) 

 gives as the true meaning 'the little after 

 M'hich naught,' i. e., 'the last little one,' 

 hence, by extension, the very last of 

 anything. (a. f. c.) 



Toshittan {Tos-hit-tan, 'shark house 

 people' ). Given as the name of a social 

 division among the Nanyaayi at Wrangell, 

 Alaska, but really only a name for the 

 inhabitants of a certain house, Ketgohit, 

 belonging to them. 



Tos hit tan.— Boas in 5th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 

 25, 1889. 



Tosneoc. A Tuscarora village in n. e. 

 North Carolina in 1701. — Lawson (1709), 

 Hist. Car., 383, 1860. 



Tota. A rancheria, probably Maricopa, 

 on Gila r., Ariz., visited by Father Kino 

 in 1700-01. 



La Tota.— Kino map (1702) in Stocklein, Nene 

 VVeUBott, 74, 1726. Tota.— Kino map (1701) in 

 Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 360, 1S89. 



Totakamayaath {Tr/tak'avmyaath). A 

 sept of the Toquart, a Nootka tribe. — Boas 

 in 6th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 32, 1890. 



Totam. See Totem. 



Totami. See Tatemy. 



Totant. A Massachuset village in 1614 

 on the coast of Massachusetts, probably 

 on or near the site of Boston. — Smith 

 (1616) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 3d s., vi, 

 108, 1837. 



Totapoag. An Indian rendezvous in 

 1682 in Nipmuc territory, described as 

 being half way between Hadleyand Lan- 

 caster, in the central part of Worcester 

 CO., Mass.— Russell (1682) in Mass. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., 4th s., VIII, 85, 1868. 



Totatkenne ( To-ta-Vqenne, 'people a lit- 

 tle down the river'). A Sekani tribe 

 inhabiting the e. slope of the Rocky mts. 

 and adjacent plains s. of Peace r. , Brit. 

 Col. — Morice in Trans. Can. Inst., 29, 

 1895. 



Totchikala. A former Aleut village on 

 Unalaska, Aleutian ids. 

 Totchikala. — Coxe, Russian Discov., 161, 1787. 

 Totzikala.— Ibid,, 163. 



Totem (irregularly derived from the 

 term ototeman of the Chippewa and other 



cognate Algonquian dialects, signifying 

 generically 'his brother-sister kin,' of 

 which ote is the grammatic stem signifying 

 (1) the consanguine kinship existing be- 

 tween a prop().>^itus and a uterine elder 

 sister or elder brother; and (2) the con- 

 sanguine kinship exi.sting between uterine 

 brothers and sisters, inclusive of alien 

 persons naturalized into such kinship 

 group l)y the rite of adoption (q. v. ) ; that 

 is, the uterine brother-sister group of 

 persons, thus delimited by blood ties or 

 legal fictions, who in each generation are 

 severally and collectively related as uter- 

 ine brothers and sisters, among whom 

 intermarriage is strictly forbidden, and 

 who therefore constitute an incest group 

 in so far as its members are severally 

 concerned. The stem ote is never em- 

 ployed in discourse without a prefixed 

 personal pronoun denotive of the gram- 

 matic relation of person, or without the 

 nominal suffix -m, indicative of exclusive 

 possessive relation, approximately equiv- 

 alent to English 'own,' or without the 

 objective third person ending -om in Chip- 

 pewa and -a in Cree. In the following 

 irregular manner has the word totern 

 been produced from the first cited ex- 

 pression ototeman {ototema in the Cree): 

 by dropping the in-itial o-, 'his,' by un- 

 warrantedly retaining as a proclitic the 

 epenthetic -t- whose use in this and 

 similar combinations is for the purpose 

 of avoiding the coalescence of the two 

 adjunct o-vowels, and by dropping the 

 objective third person suffix -a7i, and 

 by erroneously retaining the exclusive 

 possessive suffix -m, thus producing totem 

 from ototeman instead of the grammatic 

 stem ote. Thus the word totem in form is 

 not in any sense a grammatic derivative 

 of its primary. And so ote, the concejjtual 

 element of the factitious word totem, has 

 no demonstrable relation to the notion 

 "clay," or " mark," as hitherto assumed. 

 The Abbe Thavenet, a missionary to 

 the Algonkin at Lake of the Two Moun- 

 tains, Canada, in the early part of the 

 19th century, wrote an explanation of 

 the use and meaning of the stem ote, in 

 part as follows: "It is to be presumed 

 that in uniting into a tribe, each clan 

 preserved its manitou, the animal which 

 in the country whence the clan came 

 was the most beautiful or the most 

 friendly to man, or the most feared, or 

 the most common; the animal which was 

 ordinarily hunted there and which was 

 the ordinary subsistence of the elan, etc. ; 

 that this animal became the symbol of 

 each family and that each family trans- 

 mitted it to its jiosterity to be the per- 

 petual symbol r)f each tribe [clan]. One 

 then must when speaking of a clan 

 designate it by the animal which is its 

 symbol. Makwa nindotem then signifies 

 'the Bear is my clan, I am of the clan of 



