BULL. :iO] 



TOWAYATS VILLAGE TRACK EOCK 



797 



name of this fish in the Nisqually dialect 

 of the Salish language. (a. f. c. ) 



Towayaf s Village. A summer camp of a 

 Stikiiie chief named Toya't, on Etolin id., 

 Alaska; pop. 82 in 1880.— Petroff in Tenth 

 Census, Alaska, 32, 1884. 



Towerquotton. One of the southernmost 

 Tillamook villages in 1805, on a creek 

 emptying into Tillamook bay, Oreg. 

 The name was reallv that of the chief 

 (Lewis and Clark Exped., ii, 117, 1814). 



Towha ('coyote'). An extinct clan of 

 Taos pueblo, N. Mex. 



Towha tai'na.— jr. C. Steveuson, notes, B. A. E., 

 1910 (tai'7ia=' people'). 



Towhayu ('fighting coyote'). An ex- 

 tinct clan of Taos pueblo", N. Mex. 

 Towhayn tai'na.— M. 0. Stevenson, notes, B. A. E., 

 1910(^u:'Ha='peoplo'). 



Town-band Indians. A former Dakota 

 band, probablv of the Mdewakanton. — 

 McLeod (1852) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 29, 32d 

 Cong., 2d sess., 11, 1853. 



Toxaway ( Duksa^l, or D(ikivsa\ of un- 

 known meaning). A former Cherokee 

 settlement in South Carolina, on a 

 creek of the same name, a head-stream of 

 Keowee r., having its source in Jackson 

 CO., N. C. The name has been wrongly 

 interpreted to mean 'place of shedding 

 tears.' (j. m.) 



Taxawaw. — Rovce in 5th Rep., B. A. E., map, 1887. 

 Tosa-wa.— Doc. of 1755 cited by Royce, ibid., 143. 

 Toxaway.— Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 516, 1900 

 (common name). 



Toybipet. A Gabrieleiio rancheria for- 

 merly in Los Angeles co., Cal., at a local- 

 ity later called San Jose. 

 Sibapot.— Latham in Proc. Philol. Soc. Lond., vi, 

 76, 1854 (probablv identical). Toibi, — Kroeberin 

 Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. Arch, and Eth., viii, 39, 1908 

 (native name). Toybipet. — Ried quoted by Tay- 

 lor in Cal. Farmer, .June 8, 1860. 



Toys. Indian children do not differ 

 from the children of other races in their 

 fondness for toys, and it is found that 

 among them toys adapted to all the pe- 

 riods from infancy to adolescence were in 

 common use. The psychology of toys 

 involves reactions between the child mind 

 and the adult mind in great variety, and 

 sex, age, social stage, and environment 

 are factors for differentiation. Three 

 classes of toys may be distinguished: (1) 

 Those for attracting, soothing, and amus- 

 ing infants; (2) those invented or appro- 

 priated by children for their own use; 

 (3) those supplied by adults from educa- 

 tional, religious, or esthetic motives. 

 Examples of the first class are the infant's 

 rattle and attractive objects hung on the 

 cradle bow; of the second, clay figures, 

 bits of wooci or stone or rags, or the like, 

 treasured by children and idealized in 

 their imagination. Dolls and their ap- 

 purtenances, cradles, and miniature im- 

 plements are educative for future occu- 

 pations, and representations of spiritual 

 beings, such as the tihus or dolls of the 

 Hopi and Zuni, and other cult objects and 



fetishes, impress religious ideas. Purely 

 esthetic toys are extremely rare. In many 

 cases children's toys are cult ol)jects that 

 were once sacred and esoteric, surviving 

 for play, e. g., the bull-roarer (q. v.). 



A greater variety of toys is observed 

 among the Eskimo than among any other 

 of the American aV)origines. Nelson enu- 

 merates sleds, boats, hunting outfits, bows 

 and arrows, clolls, models of dishes and 

 other things, tops, ingenious mechanical 

 toys simulating the movements of ani- 

 mals, and carved figures of ducks, seals, 

 etc. Murdoch names dolls, kaiaks, imi- 

 tation implements, whirligigs, teetotums, 

 buzzes, whizzing-sticks, and pebble-snap- 

 pers. Turner figures various dolls from 

 Labrador. ThedoU is a favorite toy of Es- 

 kimo children, and great numbers of them 

 are carved from ivory, wood, and stone. 

 They are often provided with fur cloth- 

 ing, bedding, lamps, etc. In ethno- 

 graphic collections there are few toys 

 from the tribes of the United States, prob- 

 ably because collectors thotight them 

 unimportant, though from the Pueblos 

 there is a good representation. Plains 

 children, however, possessed dolls, sleds, 

 clay figures of animals, clay blocks for 

 building, tops, balls for howling and for 

 games like those of their elders, and a 

 multitude of small utensils which imitate 

 those used by adults. Zufii and Hopi 

 children have toy cradles, drums, l)ows, 

 rattles, dishes, house-models, dolls, tops, 

 pea-shooters, mechanical birds, grotesques 

 in pottery, etc. The Mohave make bi- 

 zarre dolls of pottery or willow bast. 

 Rude dishes, figures of animals, etc., 

 formed evidently by children, are fre- 

 quentlv encountered in the Pueblo ruins 

 of the S. W. See Vhild life, Games, Dolls. 



Consult Chamberlain, Child in Folk- 

 thought, 206-11, 1896; Culin in 24th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 1907; Murdoch in 9th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 1891; Nelson in 18th Rep. B. A. E., 

 1899; J. Stevenson in 3<l Rep. B. A. E., 

 1884; M. C. Stevenson in 11th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 1894; Turner, ibid. (w. n.) 



Tozikakat ( ' mouth of Tozi river ' ) . A 

 Tenankutchin village on the n. bank of 

 the Yukon, at the mouth of Tozi r., 

 Alaska. — Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 

 map, 1884. 



Tracbite. An eruptive rock, usually of 

 light grayish hties and of medium hard- 

 ness, used to a limited extent by the 

 aborigines in the manufacture of imple- 

 ments, (w. H. H. ) 



Track Rock. A name, which should 

 properly be in the plural, applied to a 

 group of about half a dozen micaceous 

 sandstone rocks, covered with petro- 

 glyphs i)resumably of Indian origin, on 

 both sides of the trail crossing over Track 

 Rock gap, about 6 m. e. of Blairsville, 

 Union co. , Ga. It is in the old country 

 of the Cherokee, who call the locality by 



