826 



TSI AM A— TSILT A DEN 



[b. a. b. 



definite n. The ruins are situated at the 

 mouth of Canada de la Cruz, at or near 

 the present Laguna village of Tsiama, 

 N. Mex. (f. w. H. ) 



Tsiama (Keresan: TsV-a-ma, 'place of 

 the Sia people'). Formerly a summer 

 village of the Laguna tribe of New Mex- 

 ico, now a permanently inhabited pueblo 

 of that people, situated 10 m. w. of La- 

 guna pueblo. So called because, it is 

 said, some Sia people once lived there. 

 See Keresan Family, Lagvna. ( f. w. h. ) 

 Seama.— Segurain Ind. Aff. Rep., 173, 1890. Tsia- 

 ma.— Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895. Zi-am- 

 ma. — Pradt quoted by Hodge in Am. Anthr., iv, 

 346, 1891. 



Tsiekhaweyathl ( Tsi-e^-qd -we-yaqV, ' dry 

 land where there are small stones'). A 

 Siuslaw village on Siuslaw r., Oreg. — 

 Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 230, 

 1890. 



Tsihlinainde (' mountain- standing- 

 across people'). A division of the Mes- 

 calero Apache who claim as their former 

 home the region of the San Andres mts., 

 N. Mex., hence their name. (j. m. ) 

 Chilpaines.— Orozco y Berra, Geog., 59, 1SG4 (prob. 

 ably identical). Tsi'1-ina-inde. — Mooney, field 

 notes, B. A. E., 1897. 



Tsilacomap. A former village, prob- 

 ably Salinan, connected with San Antonio 

 mission, Monterey co., Cal. — Taylor in 

 Cal. Farmer, Apr. 27, 1860. 



Tailaluhi {Tsilalunil, 'sweet-gum place'). 

 A former Cherokee settlement on a small 

 branch of Brasstown cr. of Hiwassee r., 

 just within the line of Towns co., Ga. — 

 Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 537, 1900. 

 Tsilkotin ('people of young-man's 

 river') . An Athapascan tribe of British 

 Columbia, occupying a territory lying 

 chiefly in the valley of Chilcotin r. at 

 about lat. 52°. Their nearest relatives 

 are the Takulli, or Carriers, whose terri- 

 tory is adjacent on the n., and who are 

 the only Athapascan people with whom 

 they come in contact. Toward the w. a 

 pass leads through the Coast range to 

 Bellacoola, and intercourse with the 

 tribe of that name, which was formerly 

 frequent (see Nakuntlun), is still kept up 

 to some extent. In early days there 

 was also some communication with the 

 Kwakiutl of Knights inlet on the s. w. 

 On the E. the Tsilkotin are separated 

 from the Shuswap by Fraser r., and do 

 not hold very intimate relations with 

 that people. In earlier times the two 

 tribes were constantly at war, the Tsilko- 

 tin invading their country and penetrat- 

 ing as far as Similkameen valley, whose 

 inhabitants are descended from the in- 

 vaders, who compelled the Salish to 

 make peace and permit intermarriage. 

 Even to-day there is a decided undercur- 

 rent of suspicion between the Tsilkotin 

 and the Shuswap. Toward the s. their 

 nearest neighbors are the Lillooet, but 

 contact between the two tribes is slight. 



In former times, and down to within 

 about 40 years, the center of territory and 

 population of the Tsilkotin was Anahem 

 lake; and from here they covered a con- 

 siderable extent of country, the principal 

 points of gathering being Tatlah, Puntze, 

 and Chizilikut lakes. They ranged as far 

 s. as Chilco lake, and at the time of sal- 

 mon fishing were accustomed to move in 

 large numbers down to Chilcotin r., to a 

 point near the present Anahem res., al- 

 ways returning to their homes as soon as 

 the season was past. More recently they 

 have been brought to the eastward, and 

 to-day the chief centers of the tribe are 

 three reservations in the valley of 

 the Chilcotin — Anahem, Stone, Risky 

 Creek — and the Carrier res. at Alexan- 

 dria, on Fraser r., where a few Tsilkotin 

 families reside ( see Stella) . Besides these 

 there are a number of families leading a 

 seminomadic life in the old tribal terri- 

 tory, in the woods and mountains to the 

 westward. These latter Indians, consid- 

 erably less influenced by civilization 

 than their reservation relatives, are 

 known by the whites as "Stone Chilco- 

 tin," or "Stonies." Although subjected 

 to intercourse with the whites for a com- 

 paratively short period, the Tsilkotin 

 have assimilated the customs and ideas 

 of their civilized neighbors to such an 

 extent that their own have largely disap- 

 peared, except among the families still 

 living in the mountains. The sedentary 

 Tsilkotin, who have abandoned semisub- 

 terranean huts and live like their white 

 neighbors in log houses covered with 

 mud, now cultivate cereals, peas, and po- 

 tatoes, and are reported to be moral, 

 temperate, and religious. These Morice 

 divides into the Tleskotin, Tlathenkotin, 

 and Toosey. Their population was esti- 

 mated at 450 in 1906. For their mythol- 

 ogy, see Farrand in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Anthr. iii, no. 1, 1900. (l. f. ) 



Chilcotin.— Cox, Cnlumbia R., ll, 368, 1831. Chilea- 

 tin.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, July 19, ]862. Chilh- 

 xotin.— Morice in Proc Can In.st. 1889, 110, 1890. 

 Chilicoatens.— Macfle. Vancouver Id., 428, 1865. 

 Chilicotens. — Whymper, Alaska, 48, 1869. Chilico- 

 tin.— Fleming in Can. Pac. R. R. Rep., 121, 1877. 

 Chixkho'tenne.— Morice in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 

 x, map, 1892. Chi-|-3iohten. — Morice, letter, B. A. 

 E., 1890 (Takulli name)". Chilko-tin.— Latham in 

 Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 66, 1856. Chilicoatens.— 

 Wilkes, U. S. Expl. Exped., iv. 4.50, 1845. Chilto- 

 kin.— McDonald, Brit.Col., 126, 1862. Tchilkoten.— 

 Smet, Oregon Miss., 100, 1847. Tshilkotin.— Tol- 

 mie and Dawson, Vocabs. Brit. Col., 122b, 1884. 

 Tsi^Koh'tin. — Morice in Trans. Can. Inst. 1893, 

 IV, 22, 1895. Tsilkotin.— Hale, Ethnog. and Philol., 

 202, 1846. T'silkotinneh.— Dall in Proc. A. A. A. S., 

 xxxiv, 1886. 



Tsillane {Tsill-ane). An unidentified 

 Okinagan tribe. — Ross, Advent. , 290, 1847. 



Tsiltaden ( ' mountain side ' ) . A clan or 

 band of the Chiricahua Apache, associated 

 with and hence taken to be a part of the 

 Pinalefios; correlated with the Tziltadin 

 clan of the Pinal Coyoteros, the Tzise- 

 ketzillan of the White Mountain Apache, 



