830 



TUBAC TUBES 



[B. A. E. 



Tubac. A former Spanish presidio and 

 mission, established in 1752 among the 

 Papago, on tlie w. bank of Rio Santa Cruz, 

 s. of Tucson, Ariz. The population in 

 1754-57 was 411, including the garrison 

 of 50; by 1762 the natives had moved to 

 Tumacacori, and in 1776 the presidio was 

 moved to Tucson; after this transfer, but 

 prior to 1784, a company of Pima allies 

 was stationed at Tubac, and in 1824 a 

 garrison was again established there. In 

 1842-43 it was occupied by friendly 

 Apache. It w-as again a garrison in 1851, 

 consisting of a collection of dilapidated 

 buildings and huts, about half of which 

 were tenantless, and also a church partly 

 in ruins; its population was then about 

 100. In 1858-60, besides a mixed popu- 

 lation of Mexicans and Americans, Tubac 

 contained a temporary camp of 100 

 Papago. (f. w. h.) 



San Ignacio. — Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 383, 

 1889. S. Ignacio de Tubac— Ibid., 371. Tubac— 

 Garc6s (1775), Diarv, 63, 1900. Tubaca.— Rudo 

 Ensavo (ca. 1762), 193, 1863. Tubae.— Hardy, 

 Travels, 421, 1829 (misprint). 



Tubare ( Tn-ha'-re). A Piman tribe of s. 

 w. Chihuahua, Mexico, which formerly 

 inhabited the territory drained by the ex- 

 treme headwaters of the Rio Fuerte from 

 San Andres, 3 m. from Morelos, to Babori- 

 game, but their rancherias are now scat- 

 tered only between San Andres and the 

 village of Tubares, most of them living at 

 San Miguel. They are chiefly of mixed 

 Mexican blood, only about two dozen 

 pure bloods remaining, and of these only 

 5 or 6 speak their native tongue. They 

 are said to have been formerly very war- 

 like, fighting theTarahumare, whom they 

 resembled in their general customs,asthe 

 remnant now do in physical appearance 

 (Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico, i, 441- 

 444, 1902). They are described as having 

 been industrious. Articles of clothing of 

 their own manufacture formed their chief 

 objects of barter. The unoccupied cave 

 houses on the headwaters of the Fuerte 

 are attributed to them. They spoke a 

 dialect closely related to the Guazapare 

 and Varohio, although their intercourse 

 with others was carried on in Nahuatl. 

 Their villages are or were Concepcion, 

 San Andres, San Ignacio, San Miguel, and 

 possibly Loreto. Bandelier (Arch. Inst. 

 Papers, in, 53, 1890) says they also 

 included the Tintis. 



Tovares.— Orozco y Berra, Geog., 324, 1864. Tu- 

 bar.— Ibid., 58. Tubare. — Lumlioltz in Scribner's 

 Mag., XVI, 33, 1894. Tubaris. — Rivera, Diario, leg. 

 1514,1736. Tuvalim.— Lumlioltz, Unknown Mex., 

 1,443, 1902 (own name). 



Tubasa. A Papago rancheria in 1770, 

 probably on the Rio Santa Cruz, between 

 San Xavier del Bac and the Rio Gila, s. 

 Ariz. — Arricivita, Cronica Senifica, ii, 

 416, 1792. 



Tubatulabal ('pine-nut eaters.' — Mer- 

 riam). A small tribe which formerly 

 inhabited the valley of Kern r., s. Cal., 



above the falls, extending probably to 

 the river's source, but centering espe- 

 cially about the junction of the main and 

 s. forks. With the Bankalachi (q. v.) 

 they constitute one of the four principal 

 coordinate branches of the Shoshonean 

 family. See Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., 

 Am. Arch, and Eth., iv, 122, 1907. 

 Bakhkanapul.— Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. 

 Arch, and Eth., iv, 124, 1907 (own name; said to 

 mean or refer to all those who speak their lan- 

 guage). Kern River. — Henley in Ind. Afif. Rep., 

 511, 1854. Ku-chi-bich-i-wa-nap' Pal-up'. — Powers 

 in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., Ill, 393, 1S77 (trans, 'little 

 stream'). Pa-kan'-e-pul.— Merriam in Science, 

 XIX, 916, June 15, 1904 Pallegawonap. — Gatschet 

 in Geog. Surv. W. 100th Merid., 411, 1879. Pal-li- 

 ga-wo-nap'. — Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., in, 

 393, 1877. P'hallatillie.— Gatschet, op. cit. (per- 

 haps identical). Pitanisha. — Kroeber in Univ. 

 Cal. Pub., Am. Arch, and Eth., iv, 124, 1907 (the 

 usual Yokuts name, from PUani-u, the i>lace- 

 name of the forks of Kern r.). Pi-tan'-ni-suh. — 

 Powers, op. cit. Po-la-ga-mis. — Wessells (1853) in 

 H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 32, 1857 

 (s. E. of L. Tulare, and doubtfully identified with 

 above; they may be the Yokuts Paleuyami). 

 Polokawynahs.— Maltby quoted by Bancroft, Nat. 

 Races, i, 456, 1874. Te-bot-e-lob'-e-lay. — Merriam, 

 op. cit. Tillie. — Gatschet, op. cit. (probably iden- 

 tical). Ti-pa-to-la'-pa. — Powers, op. cit. TomoTa. — 

 Powers, op. cit. (given as a distinct tribe at Kern 

 r. falls, but there was no other there). Tiiba- 

 tulabal.— Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. Arch, 

 and Eth., iv, 122, 1907. Wah-lik-nas'-se.— Mer- 

 riam, op. cit. (Yokuts equivalent of tribal name; 

 sig. 'pine-nut eaters'). Wateknasi. — Kroeber in 

 Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. Arch, and Eth., iv, 124, 1907 

 (said to mean 'pine-nut eaters,' sometimes so 

 called by Yokuts). 



Tubes. Objects of problematic use ob- 

 tained from burial places and inhabited 

 sites over a large part of 

 the country. They range 

 in length from less than 1 

 in. to 14 in. or more, and 

 the cross-section is in gen- 

 eral circular or elliptical, 

 though some have a side 

 ground fiat. The outline 

 is approximately cylindri- 

 cal, conical, or like an elon- 

 gated hourglass. The last 

 frequently has a narrow 

 ridge around the smallest 

 part, which is not always 

 midway between the ends. 

 In cylindrical specimens 

 the bore is usually of uni- 

 form diameter the entire 

 length, but sometimes 

 there is an offset or a sud- 

 den tapering near one end, 

 giving a much smaller open- 

 ing. Some of the longer 

 specimens have two wing- 

 TuBE OF BANDED ]j]^g projcctious opposltc 

 each other at this end; 

 others are beveled, like a blunt wedge. 

 In conical tubes the bore increases nearly 

 uniformly from the smaller end. In the 

 hourglass form it tapers more rapidly 

 than the exterior from each end and to 

 the constriction, being sometimes very 

 small at this point. Various materials 

 were used in their manufacture, includ- 



