BULL. 30] 



TUSCARORA 



845 



small garrisons maintained for the pro- 

 tection of the settlements, " a number of 

 Indian prisoners of a certain nation, 

 which we did not know, whether they 

 were friends or enemies, rose in the gar- 

 rison, but were soon cut to pieces, as 

 those on the outside repelled. In the 

 garrison were killed 9 men, and soon 

 after 39 women and children sent off for 

 slaves. ' ' This shows that for the purposes 

 of slavery little distinction, if any, was 

 made between one tribe and another. 



De Graffenried, while a captive among 

 the hostile Tuscarora, negotiated, subse- 

 quent to the execution of the unfortu- 

 nate Lawson, a private treaty with them 

 by offering to every one of the chiefs of 

 the 10 villages of the hostiles a cloth jer- 

 kin, 2 bottles of powder, 500 grains of 

 small shot, 2 bottles of rum, and some- 

 thing more to the head chief for his own 

 ransom. Among other things he agreed to 

 remain neutral daring the continuance of 

 ihe war, and that he, the "said Govern- 

 or of the German colony promises to re- 

 main within his limits and to take no more 

 lands from them without due warning to 

 the king [head chief] and his nation." 

 Thus De Graffenried admitted taking In- 

 dian lands without consulting the In- 

 dians, although he says elsewhere, "It 

 must be observed that it was neither I, 

 nor m}^ colony, who were the cause of 

 that terrible slaughter or Indian war," 

 apparently overlooking the fact that the 

 greatest massacre was among his own 

 Swiss and Palatines, indicating that the 

 Indians thus resented the wrongs com- 

 mitted by him and his people. 



In order to secure the aid of the Catawba 

 ( " Flatheads " ) against the hostile Tus- 

 carora, the Carolina authorities promised 

 them that in the event of success in the 

 war the Indians were to obtain goods 

 "cheaper than formerly." But after 

 faithfully aiding the Carolinians in 1711- 

 13 in dispersing the hostile Tuscarora, 

 the Catawba were deceived as to the 

 promised reduction in the price of goods 

 sold to them, and from this misunder- 

 standing arose the troubles leading later 

 to the Catawba war in 1714-15 (N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., V, 444, 1855). 



The chiefs of the Five Nations, in con- 

 ference with Gov. Hunter at Albany, 

 Sept. 25, 1714, acquainted him with the 

 fact that the "Tuscarora Indians are 

 come to shelter themselves among the 

 Five Nations; they were of us and went 

 from us long ago, and now are returned 

 and promise to live peaceat^ly among us. 

 And since there is peace now every- 

 where, we have received them. Do give 

 a belt of wampum. We desire you to 

 look upon the Tuscaroras that are come 

 to live among us as our children, who 

 shall obey our commands and live peace- 



ably and orderly" (N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist, 

 v, 387, 1855). This proposal, for it was 

 practically such, was not yet accepted 

 by the New York Government in 1715 

 (ibid., 413). 



On June 23, 1712, Gov. Hunter, of New 

 York, wrote to the Lords of Trade that 

 "the war betwixt the people of North 

 Carolina and the Tuscarora Indians is 

 like to embroil us all," and expressed 

 the fear that under French instigation the 

 Five Nations would fulfill their threat to 

 join the Tuscarora (ibid., 343). Again, 

 on Sept. 10, 1713, Hunter wrote to Secre- 

 tary Popple that ' ' the Five Nations are 

 hardly to be diswaded from sheltering 

 the Tuscaruro Indians, which would em- 

 broil us all," and expressed regret that 

 he had no funds with which to buy 

 presents to be employed in dissuading 

 them from forming an alliance with the 

 Tuscarora. 



On Sept. 10, 1713, an Onondaga chief, 

 in conference with commissioners from 

 Gov. HunteratOnondaga, said: "Brother 

 Corlaer gays the Queen's subjects towards 

 the South aie now at war with the tus- 

 Carorase Indians. These Indians went 

 out heretofore from us, and have settled 

 themselves there; now they have got into 

 war and are dispersed. . . . They 

 have abandoned their Castles and are 

 scattered hither and thither; let that 

 suffice; and we request our Brother Cor- 

 laer to act as mediator between the Eng- 

 lish of Carrelyna and the tuskaroras that 

 they may no longer be hunted down, and 

 we assure that we will oblige them not 

 to do the Elnglish any more harm, for 

 they are no longer a Nation with a name, 

 being once dispersed" (N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., V, 376, 1855). 



In 1717 Gov. Hunter, of New York, 

 informed the Five Nations that there 

 were Virginia traders who still bartered 

 with the Tuscarora, thus showing that, 

 contrary to the common opinion, there 

 were still a part of these Indians in Caro- 

 lina and s. Virginia. 



In a letter dated at Narhantes Fort, 

 Feb. 4, 1712, Col. Barnwell gives a list of 

 the various tribes of Southern Indians 

 who composed his motley army. In his 

 own spelling these were: the Yamasses, 

 Hog Logees, Ai^alatchees, Corsaboy, 

 Watterees, Sagarees, Catawbas, Suterees, 

 Waxams, Congarees, Sattees, Pedees, 

 AVeneaws, Cape Feare, Hoopengs, Ware- 

 peres, Saraws, and Saxapahaws. Ft 

 Narhantes, according to Barnwell, was 

 the largest and most warlike town of the 

 Tuscarora. It was situated about 27 m. 

 below a former settlement of the Saxapa- 

 haw or "Shacioe Indians," which these 

 Indians had been forced to abandon 

 along with others at the beginning of 

 Feb. 1712, by the Narhantes Tuscarora 



